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TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Melanocyte stem cells in hair follicles are key for hair color and could help treat greying and pigment disorders.

Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.

Stem cells are crucial for skin repair and new treatments for chronic wounds.

Two main types of fibroblasts with unique functions and additional subtypes were identified in human skin.

Melatonin is important for skin health and protection, and can be made by the skin or applied to it.

Chemotherapy causes hair loss by damaging hair follicles and stem cells, with more research needed for prevention and treatment.

Different types of skin cells play specific roles in development, healing, and cancer.

Pregnancy can cause various skin changes and diseases, with PUPPP being the most common skin condition specific to pregnancy.

Skin needs dermal β-catenin activity for hair growth and skin cell multiplication.

Laser hair removal is the most requested cosmetic procedure and has become a scientifically-based treatment suitable for all skin types.

Scientists have found a way to create hair follicles from skin cells of newborn mice, which can grow and cycle naturally when injected into adult mouse skin.

Overexpression of activin A in mice skin causes skin thickening, fibrosis, and improved wound healing.

Artificial skin development has challenges, but new materials and understanding cell behavior could improve tissue repair. Also, certain growth factors and hydrogel technology show promise for advanced skin replacement therapies.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.

Visible light can damage skin and most sunscreens don't block it well; more research is needed on its effects and protection methods.

The hedgehog signaling pathway is crucial for hair growth but not for the initial creation of hair follicles.

Some herbal therapies may help with skin conditions, but more research is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness.

Androgens may cause hair loss by increasing TGF-beta1 from scalp cells, which inhibits hair cell growth.

Regulatory T-cells are important for healing and regenerating tissues in various organs by controlling immune responses and aiding stem cells.

Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.

Skin cells produce and activate vitamin D, which regulates skin functions and supports hair growth.

Hair follicle dermal stem cells are key for regenerating parts of the hair follicle and determining hair type.

Epigenetic changes control how adult stem cells work and can lead to diseases like cancer if they go wrong.

New effective scar treatments are urgently needed due to the current options' limited success.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) help control skin health, hair growth, and color, and could potentially be used to treat skin and hair disorders.

Wnt signaling controls whether hair follicle stem cells stay inactive or regenerate hair.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Epidermal stem cells are diverse and vary in activity, playing key roles in skin maintenance and repair.