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This study identified three subgroups of women with PCOS with distinct androgen profiles, finding that the subgroup with adrenal-derived androgen excess had the highest insulin resistance and rates of hirsutism and hair loss.

This study reported that classic anovulatory PCOS was the most common androgen excess disorder, followed by mild ovulatory PCOS and idiopathic hyperandrogenism, among patients evaluated for clinical hyperandrogenism.

This study found that GnRH-A treatment significantly reduced hirsuties scores in women with mild idiopathic hirsuties but did not affect hair growth rate or diameter.

This study found that cyproterone acetate with ethynyl estradiol improved acne and seborrhea within 3–6 months in women, but had less satisfactory results for alopecia and hirsutism.

This review covers the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to P450c21, but it reports no new clinical results.

This review summarizes hair growth aspects, treatment options, and management strategies for hirsutism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, without presenting new clinical findings.

This review discusses the evaluation and management of acne in adult women, emphasizing the importance of considering androgen excess, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that in a sample of girls and adolescents aged 15–24 years, the prevalence of PCOS was 22.5% according to the Rotterdam criteria.

Birth control pills help treat acne, especially when caused by excess male hormones, and are safe to use with antibiotics.

This article discusses the prevalence of hirsutism in women and highlights that many cases exhibit normal androgen levels, suggesting a need for broader diagnostic approaches.

This study found that certain male pattern baldness subtypes at age 45 are associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal neoplasia.

This review discusses the causes and recommended clinical investigations for postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, highlighting the role of androgen excess in symptoms like hirsutism and its association with metabolic disorders.

In this study, researchers identified a novel genetic variant in the NR3C1 gene in a mother and her son that predicts a truncated protein, leading to glucocorticoid resistance syndrome with mild hyperandrogenic features, although no clear genotype-phenotype correlation has been established.

This review discusses the high prevalence of androgen excess and PCOS in women with type 1 diabetes but reports no new clinical findings; the authors highlight the underdiagnosis of hyperandrogenism in these patients.

This case report describes a 60-year-old man with a rare 46, XX karyotype who presented with cerebellar infarct and polycythaemia, leading to further endocrine investigations after adrenal gland enlargement was found.

This review discusses the definition, causes, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options for hirsutism in women without reporting new clinical results, and highlights the impact of the condition on self-esteem.

This review focuses on the pharmacological properties, indications, contraindications, and safety profile of bicalutamide, a non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonist, in dermatological research, particularly its off-label use for improving female pattern hair loss as measured by Sinclair grading.

This article discusses solitary hirsutism, emphasizing that treatment is mostly cosmetic unless contraception is also desired, and reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the clinical evaluation and investigation needed for hirsute women, suggesting that most cases require minimal testing unless virilism or severe symptoms are present; no new clinical results are provided.

This review explores how androgens and growth hormone influence the development of terminal hairs and sebaceous glands, attributing variability in hirsutism and acne to differing genetic sensitivities to androgens, but reports no new experimental data.

This paper reviews female androgenetic alopecia and highlights the importance of differentiating it from other hair loss conditions, noting its potential association with hyperandrogenism in premenopausal women, but reports no new results.

Excessive hair growth in women can be treated with medications like spironolactone and finasteride, and male-pattern baldness in women can be improved with similar treatments.

This case series observed the efficacy of GnRH analogues in diagnosing and treating various forms of ovarian hyperandrogenism, illustrating their role in symptom management without surgery, particularly for benign conditions and refractory androgen excess.

This review discusses the definition of polycystic ovary syndrome proposed by the AE-PCOS Society Task Force, emphasizing hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and excluding related disorders, while noting potential variations needing more research.

This review offers evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating female pattern hair loss, emphasizing clinical assessment and starting treatment with minoxidil, while noting that measurement of certain hormones and vitamins is optional.

This study suggests that although the G972R variant of the IRS1 gene might increase AA excess risk in heterozygous carriers with CYP21 mutations, both variations play a limited role in PCOS development.

This study found that prenatal exposure to androgens caused long-lasting heart remodeling and left ventricular hypertrophy in female mice offspring, suggesting potential cardiac risks for daughters of mothers with PCOS.

In this study, researchers found that pregnant mice exposed to excessive androgen led to thinner ventricular walls and cardiac hypertrophy in offspring, suggesting that prenatal androgen exposure adversely affects cardiac health through reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation.

This study found a high prevalence of clinical signs and functional disorders of androgen excess in premenopausal women, with idiopathic hyperandrogenism and idiopathic hirsutism rates similar to PCOS.

This review discusses the cosmetic and health implications of hirsutism and highlights its potential link to serious underlying disorders, but it presents no new clinical findings.