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GlossaryMHC class I

present protein fragments to cytotoxic T cells for immune response

MHC class I, or Major Histocompatibility Complex class I, are molecules found on the surface of almost all nucleated cells in the body. They play a crucial role in the immune system by presenting small fragments of proteins (peptides) from inside the cell to cytotoxic T cells. This helps the immune system recognize and destroy infected or cancerous cells.

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research MHC Class I-Like MILL Molecules Are β2-Microglobulin-Associated, GPI-Anchored Glycoproteins That Do Not Require TAP for Cell Surface Expression

16 citations, September 2006 in “The Journal of Immunology”

MILL molecules are unique immune proteins in mice that don't need TAP to appear on cell surfaces.

T-Cell Induced-Self MHC Class I/Peptide Complexes May Enable De Novo Tolerance Induction to Neo-Antigens Occurring Outside of the Thymus

research T-Cell Induced-Self MHC Class I/Peptide Complexes May Enable De Novo Tolerance Induction to Neo-Antigens Occurring Outside of the Thymus

8 citations, October 2016 in “Experimental dermatology”

Hair follicles may help teach the immune system to tolerate new self-antigens, but this can sometimes cause hair loss.

research Down-Ranking the Threat of HSV-1: RANKL Upregulates MHC Class I Restricted Anti-Viral Immunity in Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

2 citations, November 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

RANKL improves the immune response against herpes simplex virus by enhancing T cell activation and could help develop better treatments or vaccines.

Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen in 13 Cases of Familial Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: CYP21A2 Gene p.V281L Mutation from Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Linked to HLA Class I Haplotype HLA-A*33:01; B*14:02; C*08:02 as a Genetic Marker

research Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen in 13 Cases of Familial Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: CYP21A2 Gene p.V281L Mutation from Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Linked to HLA Class I Haplotype HLA-A33:01; B14:02; C*08:02 as a Genetic Marker

7 citations, January 2019 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

A genetic marker linked to a type of hair loss was found in most patients studied.

research Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Chain-Related Gene A Polymorphisms and Extended Haplotypes Are Associated with Familial Alopecia Areata

44 citations, December 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Certain genetic markers, especially the MICA gene, are linked to alopecia areata.

research Immunology of the Human Nail Apparatus: The Nail Matrix Is a Site of Relative Immune Privilege

139 citations, October 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The nail matrix has a reduced immune response, protecting it from autoimmunity.

research Controlled Delivery of T-box21 Small Interfering RNA Ameliorates Autoimmune Alopecia in a C3H/HeJ Mouse Model

69 citations, February 2008 in “The American journal of pathology”

Controlled delivery of specific RNA and IL-4 restored hair growth in mice with autoimmune alopecia.

research Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) May Award Relative Protection from Interferon-γ-Induced Collapse of Human Hair Follicle Immune Privilege

47 citations, December 2011 in “Experimental Dermatology”

CGRP may help protect hair follicles from immune system attacks, potentially slowing hair loss.

research Self Prion Protein Peptides Are Immunogenic in Lewis Rats

14 citations, December 2001 in “Journal of autoimmunity”

Rats can develop an immune response to prion protein peptides, but it may cause severe skin issues in older rats.

Exacerbation of Alopecia Areata During Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b and Ribavirin Therapy, Possibly Due to the Collapse of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege

research Exacerbation of Alopecia Areata During Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b and Ribavirin Therapy, Possibly Due to the Collapse of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege

10 citations, September 2014 in “European Journal of Dermatology”

A woman's hair loss worsened after starting hepatitis C treatment due to immune changes in her hair follicles.

research Two Mouse Mutations Mapped to Chromosome 11 with Differing Morphologies but Similar Progressive Inflammatory Alopecia

7 citations, May 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Two mouse mutations cause similar hair loss despite different skin changes.

research UVB-Induced Depletion of Donor-Derived Dendritic Cells Prevents Allograft Rejection of Immune-Privileged Hair Follicles in Humanized Mice

6 citations, November 2018 in “American journal of transplantation”

UV light helped human hair transplants survive in mice without broad immunosuppression.

research Case of Alopecia Induced by Sorafenib, Possible Mechanism Similar to Alopecia Areata

4 citations, November 2017 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

Sorafenib may cause hair loss in a way similar to alopecia areata.

research Immune Privilege and Alopecia Areata

4 citations, April 2010 in “Expert review of dermatology”

Restoring immune privilege in hair follicles could help treat certain types of hair loss.

research Alopecia Areata Multiplex Following Autologous Dermal Micrograft Injection for Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

4 citations, May 2019 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Hair loss treatment caused more hair loss in a man.

research Possible Role of ILC1 in the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata

3 citations, April 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

ILC1 cells contribute to hair loss in alopecia areata.

Dandruff Is Associated With Perturbations of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege and the Infundibular and Epidermal Immune Microenvironment

research Dandruff Is Associated With Perturbations of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege and the Infundibular and Epidermal Immune Microenvironment

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Dandruff is linked to changes in the immune system of hair follicles and skin.

research Exploring the Potential of the Novel IFNγ Aptamer TAGX-0003 as a Treatment for Alopecia Areata in Pre-Clinical Models

October 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The new aptamer TAGX-0003 shows promise as an effective treatment for hair loss disorder alopecia areata.

research Innate Lymphoid Cells Type 1 May Be New, Non-Antigen-Specific Player in the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata

September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Innate lymphoid cells type 1 may contribute to alopecia areata.

research Dandruff Lesional Scalp Skin Exhibits Epidermal T Cell Infiltration and a Weakened Hair Follicle Immune Privilege

March 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Dandruff is linked to increased T cells and weakened immune protection in hair follicles.

Pre-Clinical In-Vitro Assays for High Throughput Screening of Drug Candidates for Protection and Restoration of Immune Privilege in Alopecia Areata

research Pre-Clinical In-Vitro Assays for High Throughput Screening of Drug Candidates for Protection and Restoration of Immune Privilege in Alopecia Areata

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The research developed methods to test drugs that could protect and restore hair follicle protection in a hair loss condition.

research Environmental Pathobiology of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: Does Linalool Promote FFA Development and Progression by Inducing Epithelial Hair Follicle Stem Cell Damage and MICA Expression in the Bulge?

September 2022

Linalool in personal care products may worsen frontal fibrosing alopecia by damaging hair follicle stem cells and triggering harmful immune responses.

Immunohistochemical Insight Into the Association Between the Collapse of Immune Privilege in the Sweat Gland and Syringotropic Immune Cell Infiltrates in Collagen Diseases

research Immunohistochemical Insight Into the Association Between the Collapse of Immune Privilege in the Sweat Gland and Syringotropic Immune Cell Infiltrates in Collagen Diseases

September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The study found that sweat glands normally suppress immune responses, but this is disrupted in certain skin diseases, possibly contributing to their development.

research IL-9/IL-9R Signaling as a Novel Regulator of Human Hair Follicle Growth and Immune Privilege

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

IL-9/IL-9R signaling can negatively affect human hair growth and may be a target for treating hair loss conditions.

research The Role of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Collapse in Alopecia Areata: Status and Perspectives

79 citations, December 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

Alopecia areata may be treated by restoring hair follicle immune privilege and adjusting immune responses.

research Lichen Planopilaris Is Characterized By Immune Privilege Collapse Of The Hair Follicle's Epithelial Stem Cell Niche

220 citations, June 2013 in “The Journal of Pathology”

Lichen planopilaris may be an autoimmune disease causing hair loss due to immune system issues in hair follicles.

research Can the Hair Follicle Become a Model for Studying Selected Aspects of Human Ocular Immune Privilege?

21 citations, June 2011 in “Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science”

Hair follicles could help develop eye treatments by studying immune responses.

research Quiescent Tissue Stem Cells Evade Immune Surveillance

169 citations, February 2018 in “Immunity”

Inactive stem cells in hair follicles and muscles can avoid detection by the immune system.

research Alopecia Areata: A Review of the Role of Oxidative Stress, Possible Biomarkers, and Potential Novel Therapeutic Approaches

15 citations, January 2023 in “Antioxidants”

Oxidative stress plays a significant role in alopecia areata, and new treatments may include JAK inhibitors and antioxidants.

research Skin Commensal Antigens: Taking the Road Less Traveled

February 2018 in “Trends in Immunology”

Skin bacteria can help wound healing by activating certain immune cells.