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Glossary MAPK pathway

crucial cell signaling mechanism regulating growth, division, and stress response

The MAPK pathway, or Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase pathway, is a crucial signaling mechanism in cells that helps regulate various activities such as growth, division, and response to stress. It involves a series of proteins that communicate signals from the cell surface to the DNA in the nucleus, ultimately influencing gene expression and cellular behavior. This pathway is significant in many biological processes and is often studied in the context of diseases like cancer and conditions affecting hair growth, such as alopecia.

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research Network Pharmacology Reveals Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Regulates MAPK and HIF-1 Pathways to Treat Androgenetic Alopecia

July 2024 in “Biology”

This study investigated the potential mechanisms of Curcuma aeruginosa in treating androgenetic alopecia and identified 66 bioactive compounds interacting with proteins involved in the disorder, suggesting its involvement in hormone response and specific signaling pathways.

Hair Growth-Promotion Effects of Different Alternating Current Parameter Settings Are Mediated by the Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin and MAPK Pathway

research Hair growth‐promotion effects of different alternating current parameter settings are mediated by the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin and MAPK pathway

27 citations , August 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology”

In this study, electrical stimuli at low voltage and frequency settings promoted hair growth in vitro and in rabbit models, possibly by activating pathways like Wnt/β-catenin.

Melatonin Regulates the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway via the CircMPP5-miR-211-MAPK3 Axis to Induce Secondary Hair Follicle Differentiation and Development in Newborn Cashmere Goat Kids

research Melatonin regulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) pathway via the circMPP5-miR-211-MAPK3 axis to induce secondary hair follicle differentiation and development in newborn Cashmere goat kids

1 citations , October 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

This study found that melatonin treatment in Cashmere goat kids enhances the density of secondary hair follicles and improves Cashmere quality by regulating the MAPK pathway and reducing cell apoptosis.

research Camellia sinensis Seed Flavonoids Attenuate UVB-Induced Inflammation and UVA-Induced Photodamage via MAPK/NF-κB and AP-1 Pathways

March 2026 in “Molecules”

In this laboratory study, researchers reported that Camellia sinensis seed flavonoids significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in UV-irradiated skin cells by modulating key signaling pathways, highlighting its potential as a skincare ingredient for anti-inflammatory and anti-photoaging benefits.

Maternal Melatonin Contributes to Offspring Hair Follicle Development Through Transcriptional Regulation of the AP-1 Complex and MAPK Pathway

research Maternal Melatonin Contributes to Offspring Hair Follicle Development Through Transcriptional Regulation of the AP-1 Complex and MAPK Pathway

February 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

In this study, maternal melatonin implantation in pregnant rabbits reduced hair follicle cell apoptosis and increased hair follicle density in their neonatal offspring, suggesting a beneficial impact on hair follicle development mediated through specific molecular pathways.

research Synergistic Effects of Fractional CO ₂ Laser and Recombinant Humanized Type III Collagen (rhCol III) in Atrophic Acne Scar Treatment: Activation of MAPK Pathway and Enhanced Collagen Remodeling

January 2025 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

In this study, treatment with fractional CO2 laser combined with recombinant humanized type III collagen led to significantly better improvements in atrophic acne scars compared to laser treatment with saline, attributed to collagen upregulation and MAPK pathway activation in human dermal fibroblasts.

research Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. extracts reshape the perifollicular microenvironment and regulate the MAPK pathway for androgenetic alopecia treatment

September 2024 in “Journal of Ethnopharmacology”

In this study, Terminalia bellirica extracts promoted hair regrowth in testosterone-induced AGA mice, possibly by inhibiting type II 5α-reductase activity and enhancing the MAPK signaling pathway.

research Inhibition of CISD1 attenuates cisplatin-induced hearing loss in mice via the PI3K and MAPK pathways

May 2024 in “Biochemical pharmacology”

This study found that targeting CISD1 with the compound NL-1 reduced mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species accumulation, protecting against cisplatin-induced hearing loss in cell models and mice, without affecting cisplatin's cancer-fighting effectiveness.

research Quercitrin Stimulates Hair Growth with Enhanced Expression of Growth Factors via Activation of MAPK/CREB Signaling Pathway

25 citations , September 2020 in “Molecules”

In this study, quercitrin was reported to promote hair growth and cell viability in cultured human dermal papilla cells by enhancing cellular energy metabolism and growth factor production via MAPK/CREB signaling.

research Reductive Stress Selectively Disrupts Collagen Homeostasis and Modifies Growth Factor-independent Signaling Through the MAPK/Akt Pathway in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

9 citations , March 2019 in “Molecular & cellular proteomics”

In this study, around 1% of proteins in skin fibroblasts significantly changed in response to reductive stress, affecting collagens and MAPK signaling pathways.

research Sinapic Acid Promotes Browning of 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes via p38 MAPK/CREB Pathway

29 citations , January 2020 in “BioMed Research International”

This study found that sinapic acid promotes the browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and may offer therapeutic potential for obesity by influencing mitochondrial biogenesis through the p38 MAPK/CREB signaling pathway.

research Protective effect of a novel metal-phenolic network composite against ultraviolet-induced skin damage by modulating MAPK/AP-1/NF-κB signaling pathways and attenuating oxidative stress in human keratinocytes

December 2025 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy”

This study found that Melamax®, originally developed as an eco-friendly hair dye, provides significant protection against ultraviolet-induced oxidative and inflammatory damage in keratinocytes by modulating gene expression and signaling pathways, highlighting its dual potential for cosmetic coloration and skin photoprotection.

Particulate Matter Induces Inflammatory Response in Human Outer Root Sheath Cells via Oxidative Stress-Dependent MAPK and JAK-STAT Signaling Pathways

research 705 Particulate matter induces inflammatory response in human outer root sheath cells via oxidative stress-dependent MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways

July 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study suggests that particulate matter can induce inflammation in human outer root sheath cells, potentially affecting hair growth, through oxidative stress-dependent MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways.

research Isoalantolactone (ISA) Stimulates Hair Cell Growth Through Activation of the WNT/β-catenin and Ras/MAPK Pathways

June 2025 in “Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy”

In a mouse model, this study reported that the compound isoalantolactone significantly improved hair growth and thickness, suggesting its potential as a treatment for hair loss.

research Cepharanthine Suppresses Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Replication Through the Downregulation of the PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways

30 citations , December 2021 in “Frontiers in Microbiology”

In this study, researchers found that cepharanthine significantly inhibited HSV-1 replication in vitro by interfering with specific signaling pathways, arresting the cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis in infected cells, highlighting its potential as an antiviral agent.

research PKCδ/MAPKs and NF-κB Pathways are Involved in the Regulation of Ingenane-Type Diterpenoids from Euphorbia neriifolia on Macrophage Function

9 citations , June 2021 in “Journal of Inflammation Research”

This study found that Euph E and Euri A showed strong anti-inflammatory activity and modulated cytokine and immune functions in macrophages, related to specific signaling pathways.

research Jiawei Erzhiwan Ameliorates Androgenetic Alopecia by Regulating the SIRT1/JNK/p38 MAPK Pathway

April 2025 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy”

This study observed that the herbal extract WJWE promoted hair growth and protected hair follicle cells in a DHT-induced murine model of androgenetic alopecia, potentially by engaging the SIRT1/JNK/p38 MAPK and Wnt5A/β-Catenin signaling pathways.

research Involvement of Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Signaling Pathway in Proliferation of Urethral Plate Fibroblasts in Finasteride-Induced Rat Hypospadias

10 citations , December 2018 in “Medical Science Monitor”

This study suggests that the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cycling in rat urethral plate fibroblasts affected by finasteride-induced hypospadias.

research LL-37 stimulates the functions of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells via early growth response 1 and the MAPK pathway

53 citations , April 2016 in “Stem cell research & therapy”

This study reports that LL-37 treatment enhances cell proliferation, migration, and secretion of regenerative factors in adipose-derived stem cells, potentially promoting hair growth in vivo.

research Inflammatory memory-activated biomimetic nanovesicles regulate neutrophil plasticity and metabolic reprogramming for rapid diabetic wound healing via targeting miR-193a-5p/TLR4/JNK/P38 MAPK pathways

9 citations , February 2025 in “Journal of Nanobiotechnology”

In this study, researchers found that using bioinspired nanovesicles derived from inflammation memory-activated epidermal stem cells effectively promoted healing in diabetic wounds by reprogramming neutrophils to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in both laboratory and animal models.

Anticancer Effects of Broccoli Sprout Extract and Sulforaphane Through ROS-Induced MAPK Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells and Xenografts

research Anticancer Effects of Broccoli Sprout Extract and Sulforaphane Through ROS-Induced MAPK Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells and Xenografts

April 2026 in “Antioxidants”

In this study, broccoli sprout extract and sulforaphane were found to reduce cell viability, suppress growth, and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells, and oral broccoli sprout extract inhibited tumor growth in animal models, suggesting it may be effective in managing breast cancer.

research Wedelolactone Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis Partly Through Activating AMPK and Regulating Raf-MAPKs Signaling Pathway

58 citations , March 2019 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology”

This study found that wedelolactone from Eclipta prostrata L. significantly reduced lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits through AMPK activation.

research Multiomics Analysis Reveals Molecular Pathways Associated With the Effects of Pinus massoniana Needles Extract on Androgenetic Alopecia

January 2026 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

This study found that Pinus massoniana needles extract may promote hair regrowth in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, potentially by reducing oxidative stress and affecting immune, metabolic, and apoptosis-related pathways.

An Analysis of Gene Expression Data Involving Examination of Signaling Pathways Activation Reveals New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Minoxidil Topical Foam in Men with Androgenetic Alopecia

research An analysis of gene expression data involving examination of signaling pathways activation reveals new insights into the mechanism of action of minoxidil topical foam in men with androgenetic alopecia

12 citations , June 2017 in “Cell Cycle”

This study observed that 5% minoxidil topical foam alters gene expression and signaling pathways in the scalp, providing insights into its mechanism of action in men with androgenetic alopecia.

Transcriptomic Inspection Revealed a Possible Pathway Regulating the Formation of the High-Quality Brush Hair in Chinese Haimen Goat (Capra Hircus)

research Transcriptomic inspection revealed a possible pathway regulating the formation of the high-quality brush hair in Chinese Haimen goat ( Capra hircus )

11 citations , January 2018 in “Royal Society Open Science”

This study investigated the formation of Type III brush hair in Chinese Haimen goats and identified genetic factors that may involve heat stress in the process.

research Mathematical Modeling and Inference of Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cell Signaling Pathways

3 citations , September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This review examines how mathematical modeling of the MAPK pathway, enhanced by single-cell proteomic data, improves understanding of regulatory mechanisms, predicts system behavior, and guides experimental research, emphasizing recent developments in modeling and inference.

research Identification of key pathways and genes that regulate cashmere development in cashmere goats mediated by exogenous melatonin

3 citations , September 2022 in “Frontiers in veterinary science”

This study identified key genes and signaling pathways involved in cashmere goat hair follicle growth cycles, influenced by melatonin implantation, suggesting a basis for further research on melatonin's regulatory mechanism.

research The AR/miR-221/IGF-1 pathway mediates the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia

2 citations , January 2023 in “International Journal of Biological Sciences”

In this study, miR-221 was identified as a key factor in androgenetic alopecia pathogenesis due to its role in suppressing hair growth by interacting with androgen receptors and affecting related pathways.

research Exploring the Complexities of TGF-beta Signaling in Keloids: Beyond the Classical Smad Pathway

April 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This study reviews evidence that in keloid development, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) drives fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis not only through the classical Smad-dependent pathway but also via equally important Smad-independent signaling cascades, suggesting these pathways as possible targets for more effective keloid therapies.

research Ar/miR-221/IGF-1 Pathway Mediates the Pathogenesis of Androgenetic Alopecia

January 2022 in “Social Science Research Network”

This study found that in androgenetic alopecia, the androgen receptor directly increases miR-221 transcription, which suppresses hair growth by targeting IGF-1 and inactivating specific signaling pathways.