16 citations
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January 2018 in “International Journal of Trichology” In this study, minoxidil significantly downregulated interleukin-1 alpha expression in human keratinocyte cells, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect that may be a mechanism of action in treating alopecia.
7 citations
,
February 2023 in “Inflammation and Regeneration” This study found that IL-1α promotes hair follicle regeneration and stem cell activation in an age-dependent manner by modulating inflammatory cells and oxidative stress in mice.
30 citations
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August 1993 in “PubMed” This study found that IL-1 alpha inhibits the growth of cultured human hair follicles and hair fibers, suggesting a potential role in inflammatory hair loss conditions like alopecia areata.
1 citations
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December 2012 in “Papers on Anthropology” This study found that psoriatic skin lesions commonly express the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha along with a moderate presence of the antimicrobial protein defensin.
1 citations
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July 2012 in “Nasza Dermatologia Online” This study found that patients with alopecia areata had significantly higher serum levels of IL-1α compared to healthy controls, with no significant difference observed in IL-1β levels.
April 2026 in “Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group)” This study found that Myrtus communis leaf extract significantly decreased IL-1α and increased VEGF gene expressions in human keratinocytes, which may relate to the plant's traditional uses for hair loss and wound healing, though further research is needed to explore these effects.
April 2026 in “SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología” In this study, Myrtus communis leaf extract significantly reduced IL-1α expression and increased VEGF expression in human keratinocytes, which the researchers suggest may be linked to its traditional use in treating hair loss and wound healing. Further investigation is needed to clarify its mechanisms.
53 citations
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July 2009 in “Cancer Research” In this mouse study, the researchers found that the monoclonal antibody ME1 causes hair follicle inflammation by up-regulating TNFα, which can be reduced by TNFα and interleukin-1 inhibitors.
September 2025 in “Diseases” This study found that patients with patchy alopecia areata had significantly higher serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-21 compared to healthy controls, with these levels correlating positively with disease severity, age, and disease duration.
1 citations
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January 2014 in “Journal of Dermatology and Venereology” In this study, a plant extract from Northeastern Turkey demonstrated potential for preventing hair loss by downregulating inflammation and androgen production and promoting hair growth in HaCaT cell models.
April 2026 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” In this study, exposure to Myrtus communis leaf extract significantly reduced IL-1α expression and increased VEGF expression in human keratinocytes, which may relate to its traditional use for hair loss and wound healing; further research is necessary to understand its mechanisms.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” In this study, IL-1α and IL-7 were found to work together to activate epidermal γδ T-cells, which in turn promote hair follicle stem cell proliferation during mouse wound healing.
This study found that interleukin-1α and interleukin-7 secreted by keratinocytes enhance the proliferation of γδT-cells and epidermal stem cells, revealing mechanisms of stem cell activation during wound healing in mice.
October 2022 in “Faculty of 1000 Research Ltd” This review discusses the roles of various growth factors and cytokines in skin regeneration, highlighting their potential for future therapeutic development, and reports no new experimental findings.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In this study, researchers found that the protein eIF4E is crucial for keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis, suggesting it as a potential treatment target for the condition.
1 citations
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February 2022 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found that the secretory profiles of adipose-derived stem cells vary between balding and non-balding scalp areas in androgenetic alopecia patients, suggesting involvement of angiogenic and inflammatory processes in the condition's development.
This study found that adipose derived stem cells in areas of alopecia in patients with androgenetic alopecia showed different levels of various signaling proteins compared to other scalp and periumbilical regions.
August 2025 in “DS Reviews of Research in Life Sciences” In this study, women with polycystic ovary syndrome showed significantly higher levels of DHEA, IL-6, and TNF-α compared to healthy controls, indicating a possible link between these biomarkers and PCOS.
39 citations
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January 2015 in “International journal for parasitology/International Journal for Parasitology” This study found that Schistosoma mansoni cercariae stimulate epidermal keratinocytes in mice, initiating pro-inflammatory responses and barrier repair mechanisms akin to those in wound healing.
16 citations
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April 2017 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that fig leaf extract significantly downregulated inflammatory and androgenic gene expression in vitro, suggesting potential topical benefits for certain skin disorders.
12 citations
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November 2024 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” This study found that interleukin-1-alpha and oncostatin-M levels were positively associated with PCOS development, while interleukin-7, IL15RA, and CXCL11 were negatively associated, suggesting a connection between inflammatory factors and PCOS.
7 citations
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January 2022 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that Acanthus ebracteatus extract and verbascoside induced dermal papilla cell proliferation and reduced inflammatory cytokine release in vitro, suggesting potential for anti-hair loss applications.
5 citations
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June 2018 in “Records of Natural Products” This study found that Lepidium sativum leaf extract significantly downregulated VEGF, TNF-α, and SRD5A2 gene expressions in HaCaT cells, suggesting potential benefits for inflammatory and androgen-dependent skin disorders.
4 citations
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October 2022 in “Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A” This study found that magnesium oxide-incorporated electrospun membranes improved wound healing in a simulated model by accelerating wound closure, reducing inflammation, promoting fibroblast proliferation, and stimulating angiogenesis and skin regeneration.
April 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences” This review examined and discussed the role of dermis-derived factors in the regulation of melanogenesis, noting their significance in both normal and abnormal mammalian skin conditions, suggesting an underexplored area of study compared to dermal and epidermal influences.
November 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that skin organoids derived from iPSCs with an HS-associated NCSTN mutation showed defects in hair follicle stem cell differentiation and increased expression of inflammatory proteins related to hidradenitis suppurativa.
September 1997 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Anti-IL-1 treatments might help with certain types of hair loss in people with high inflammation.
February 2015 in “American journal of medical and biological research” This study found that molecular differences in paracrine factors between balding and non-balding hair follicles may enhance understanding of androgen action in hair disorders and potentially inform better treatments.
91 citations
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March 1996 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This study concluded that cytokines and growth factors significantly regulate hair growth in vitro, with some completely inhibiting growth, such as EGF and TNFα.
81 citations
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May 2019 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” This study found that administering melatonin for 12 weeks to women with PCOS significantly reduced hirsutism, testosterone, and inflammation markers, while enhancing antioxidant levels compared to a placebo.