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This study found that variations in Kv1 channel gene expression in the electric organ of Sternopygus correlate with sex differences and individual variations in their electric communication signals.

This study found that adverse effects from hormonal contraception were more common and severe with progestin-only injections compared to estradiol levonorgestrel combination pills.

This chapter reviews the potential role of gonadal hormones in sex differences in play and spatial behavior, noting a lack of conclusive evidence but suggesting perinatal androgen exposure might contribute to observed differences. It reports no new research results.

This narrative review explores gender differences in the epidemiology, risk factors, and effects of COVID-19, emphasizing the need for further analysis using comprehensive gender indicators to shape effective public health strategies and policies.

Men and women need different facial rejuvenation treatments due to distinct aging processes and anatomical differences.

In this study, researchers observed a significant association between female androgenetic alopecia and coronary artery disease in women under 55, supporting a link similar to that seen in men.

This study observed that women with female pattern hair loss had a significantly lower ratio of estradiol to free testosterone compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential hormonal trigger for hair loss.

Hormonal differences affect male pattern baldness.

This study found significant hormonal differences, including elevated cortisol and androstenedione levels, in both male and female androgenic hair loss patients compared to controls, suggesting complex hormonal interactions in the condition.

This study evaluated hormonal differences in males with early androgenetic alopecia, finding increased serum testosterone, prolactin, LH, LH/FSH, and FAI levels, with decreased FSH and SHBG levels, compared to controls without hair loss.

This study found no significant differences in hormone levels between postmenopausal women with androgenetic alopecia and healthy controls, suggesting potential alternative causes for the condition.

This study found that male pattern hair loss may be associated with differences in serum levels of androstenedione, cortisol, 17 beta-estradiol, and luteinizing hormone, compared to controls.

This review suggests that female and male hair loss patterns differ due to hormonal influences, metabolic factors, and genetic loci, with female pattern hair loss potentially occurring without androgen influence, highlighting the need for distinct clinical management approaches.

This review discusses the influence of menopausal status on hair parameters in women without alopecia, finding significant differences in hair growth rate, percentage anagen, and hair diameter distributions, particularly in the frontal scalp.

This review discusses sex-based differences in immune responses, focusing on genetic, hormonal, and microbiome factors influencing infections like COVID-19, and reports no clinical results.

This analysis discusses the role of genetic factors, particularly male hormones and specific gene variants, in influencing sex differences and potential susceptibility to severe COVID-19 outcomes, but notes that conclusive evidence is lacking, highlighting the need for larger studies.

This study found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome showed significant differences in clinical symptoms, hormone levels, and ovarian morphology compared to healthy controls, such as higher body mass index, menstrual irregularities, elevated luteinizing hormone, and polycystic ovarian morphology, suggesting these factors enhance diagnostic accuracy.

This study found that men with vertex baldness had higher serum dihydrotestosterone levels compared to those with frontal baldness, suggesting different hormonal profiles between these two groups in androgenetic alopecia.

This case report describes a 16-year-old girl with HAIR-AN syndrome requiring a multidisciplinary approach, including lifestyle changes and hormonal treatments, to manage symptoms and prevent systemic effects.

This article reviews gender differences in planning and managing female cosmetic surgery patients and reports no new clinical findings.

This analysis reports no significant differences between spironolactone and metformin for managing PCOS, noting spironolactone remains a potential off-label option for patients unable to use hormonal contraceptives, but larger studies are necessary to confirm its efficacy.

This study found no significant differences in dry eye disease parameters between female patients with androgenetic alopecia and healthy controls, although meibum quality was better in the alopecia group, suggesting complex hormonal interplay affecting ocular health.

This review discusses the genetic differences between male and female pattern hair loss and highlights the uncertainty surrounding genetic factors in female pattern hair loss, but reports no clinical results.

This article discusses differences in hair loss among monozygotic female twins despite identical genetics and reports no new clinical findings.

This review explores the structural and functional sex differences in mammals beyond reproductive organs, highlighting variations in life expectancy, organ size, metabolism, and immune function, but it reports no new results.

This study found that hairline measurements in white Spanish women differ from those previously reported for American women, which may be important for hair transplantation evaluations in alopecia cases.

In this study, elevated prolactin and DHEA-S levels along with reduced SBP were observed in fertile non-obese women with moderate body hair compared to controls, and ethynylestradiol plus desogestrel or cyproterone acetate treatment improved clinical outcomes by increasing SBP.

In this study, among Iraqi women with hirsutism, researchers found no significant differences in hormonal markers compared to healthy controls, but identified a strong association between the modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score and hirsutism, highlighting the mFG score's utility in diagnosing the condition.

This review discusses skin disorders in women of color, highlighting unique presentations like dyschromias from acne, and underscores the need for more research on racial and ethnic differences; it reports no new clinical results.

Hormonal treatments are effective as a second-line option for moderate-to-severe acne in females, but should be used with caution due to health risks.