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Frog skin cells need the protein desmoplakin for proper development and cell layer formation.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone is important for fertility.

Leflunomide is effective for rheumatoid arthritis but has significant side effects.

A cat with a rare pancreatic tumor and diabetes died despite treatment, showing similar symptoms to a human condition.

Some drugs can cause serious side effects like heart issues and nervous system problems, but certain drugs for Parkinson's and overactive bladder may be safer, though they still have some common side effects.

Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome (PAES) is a rare but possible cause of leg pain during walking, even in untrained women.

Psychological factors play a significant role in developing alopecia areata.

Penicillamine can cause taste problems due to copper loss, which can be fixed with copper or zinc supplements.

The vitamin D receptor is crucial for bone health and affects various body systems, with mutations potentially leading to disease.

The document concludes that understanding how the skin's immune system and inflammation work is complex and requires more research to improve treatments for skin diseases.

Herbal remedies can cause adverse effects and need more safety research.

Proteasome inhibitors are promising treatments for various cancers, autoimmune diseases, and other conditions.

The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

The guidelines suggest lifestyle changes, diet adjustments, and personalized medication to manage dyslipidemia and reduce heart disease risk.

Myo-inositol supplements may improve insulin sensitivity and help with conditions like PCOS and gestational diabetes, but more research is needed.

Childhood obesity is rising globally due to various factors, and early prevention and healthy lifestyle changes are crucial.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Polysaccharides have many health benefits and are used in drugs, but isolating and purifying them is complex and requires careful methods.

Melatonin may help with sleep issues, depression, and cancer, but more research is needed.

Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Zinc is effective for treating various skin conditions, including warts and acne.

Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.

Targeting the IL-23/IL-17 pathway effectively treats several inflammatory skin diseases.

Surgery is the main treatment for liver hydatidosis, but has risks; albendazole is the most effective drug but can have side effects.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

New targets for making and using brain-synthesized steroids could lead to better treatments for brain disorders and alcoholism.

Hair follicles produce and respond to melatonin, affecting hair growth and sensitivity to estrogen.

Modern lifestyles, including poor diet, stress, and long-term use of certain medications, hinder the body's ability to heal from inflammation, leading to chronic diseases.

Rhodococcus equi causes severe pneumonia in young foals, and effective vaccines are needed due to foals' weak immune responses.