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    Glossary Glutamine

    an amino acid crucial for protein synthesis and immune function

    Glutamine, also known as L-Glutamine, is an amino acid that serves as a building block for proteins in the body. It plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, including immune system support, intestinal health, and muscle recovery. Glutamine is particularly important during times of stress or illness, as the body's demand for it increases.

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    1. Glutamine Metabolism Controls Stem Cell Fate Reversibility and Long-Term Maintenance in the Hair Follicle Cell Metabolism · 2020 · 51 citations
    2. Keratinocytes as Depository of Ammonium-Inducible Glutamine Synthetase: Age- and Anatomy-Dependent Distribution in Human and Rat Skin PLoS ONE · 2009 · 14 citations
    3. Glutamic acid promotes hair growth in mice Scientific Reports · 2021 · 12 citations
    4. Dietary supplementation with L-glutamine enhances immunity and reduces heat stress in Hanwoo steers under heat stress conditions 2022 · 3 citations
    5. Effect of flutamide and two novel synthetic steroids on GABA, glutamine and some oxidative stress markers in rat brain and prostate Andrologia · 2011 · 2 citations
    6. Cysteine and Glutamine level in hair shaft fractures patients International Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy Sciences · 2024 · 1 citations
    7. Commensal microbiome promotes hair follicle regeneration by inducing keratinocyte HIF-1α signaling and glutamine metabolism Science Advances · 2023 · 1 citations
    8. Causal effects of glutamine and lipid-related metabolites on alopecia areata: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study Medicine · 2025
    9. 651 Epigenetic regulation of macrophage activity by glutamine during wound healing Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2024
    10. Glutamic acid-loaded separable microneedle composite for long-acting hair regeneration treatment Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials · 2025
    11. 762 Commensal microbiome promotes hair follicle regeneration by inducing keratinocyte HIF-1α signaling and glutamine metabolism Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2022
    12. Glutamate transporter Slc1a3 mediates inter‐niche stem cell activation during skin growth EMBO journal · 2018 · 34 citations
    13. Ácido glutámico tópico como estrategia regenerativa en alopecia postquemadura: revisión de la evidencia y perspectivas clínicas Cirugía Plástica . · 2026
    14. Glutamic acid promotes hair growth in mice bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2020
    15. Trans glutaminase-mediated cross-linking in mammalian epidermis Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · 1984 · 44 citations
    16. The atypical ‘hippocampal’ glutamate receptor coupled to phospholipase D that controls stretch‐sensitivity in primary mechanosensory nerve endings is homomeric purely metabotropic GluK2 Experimental physiology · 2023 · 6 citations
    17. A Study of Effects of Mono Sodium Glutamate (MSG)-based Hair Hardener on Hair Perm The Korean Society of Beauty and Art · 2016
    18. Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid)/Chitosan Hydrogel Nanoparticles For Effective Preservation And Delivery Of Fermented Herbal Extract For Enlarging Hair Bulb And Enhancing Hair Growth International Journal of Nanomedicine · 2019 · 22 citations
    19. Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid)/Chitosan Hydrogel Nanoparticles For Effective Preservation And Delivery Of Fermented Herbal Extract For Enlarging Hair Bulb And Enhancing Hair Growth DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · 2019
    20. Preventive Effect of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid on Hair Loss 한국생물공학회 학술대회 · 2013
    21. Epidermal and hair follicle trans glutaminases and crosslinking in skin Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · 1984 · 54 citations
    22. Relationships between hair-follicle afferent terminations and glutamic acid decar☐ylase-containing boutons in the cat's spinal cord Brain Research · 1987 · 46 citations
    23. In Vivo Hair Growth Promotion Effects of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Poly-��-Glutamic Acid from Bacillus subtilis (Chungkookjang) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · 2015 · 9 citations
    24. In silico investigation of possible multi-target drugs against Glutamate S-transferase and prolyl tRNA synthetase in Onchocerca volvulus Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy · 2026
    25. NMN alleviates oxidative stress damage in alopecia areata by activating SIRT7 and promoting glutamine metabolism Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms · 2026
    26. Metabolism of Freshly Isolated Human Hair Follicles Capable of Hair Elongation: A Glutaminolytic, Aerobic Glycolytic Tissue Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 1993 · 71 citations
    27. Trichohyalin, an intermediate filament-associated protein of the hair follicle. 1986 · 116 citations
    28. Analysis of the sheep trichohyalin gene: potential structural and calcium-binding roles of trichohyalin in the hair follicle. The Journal of Cell Biology · 1993 · 72 citations
    29. Metabolomic biomarkers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study Molecular human reproduction · 2012 · 43 citations
    30. Increased lactate dehydrogenase activity is dispensable in squamous carcinoma cells of origin Nature communications · 2019 · 36 citations