4 citations
,
May 2021 in “Lasers in Surgery and Medicine” This study observed that adding low-level light therapy with the GentleWaves® device to Minoxidil significantly boosted hair regrowth in men with androgenetic alopecia by reducing scalp inflammation.
33 citations
,
January 2021 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” This review suggested that low-level light therapy using red/near-infrared light could be a safe and effective treatment for various skin and hair conditions, though more robust trials are needed to solidify its clinical utility.
29 citations
,
January 2007 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This study found that photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid or methyl aminolevulinate is a safe and effective treatment for acne vulgaris, particularly with 30 to 60 minutes of contact time and three treatments for significant long-term improvement.
17 citations
,
December 2015 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This review discusses the effectiveness of non-thermal, non-ablative devices like light-emitting diodes in treating various skin and hair conditions but reports no new clinical findings.
This review of existing literature reports that photobiomodulation shows high effectiveness and safety in treating dermatological conditions like acne, psoriasis, and alopecia, though standardized clinical trials are needed to further validate its therapeutic benefits.
29 citations
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March 2008 in “Postcolonial Studies” The article concludes that the global hair trade is exploitative and reflects complex cultural and economic issues.
April 2025 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” This report from Tangle Teezer and TRI Princeton indicates that their Extra Gentle brush reduces hair breakage by up to 39%, offering a therapeutic experience for users with fragile scalps.
November 2024 in “Biophysical Chemistry” This study analyzed the swelling behavior of human hair during permanent waving treatment, finding that both the microstructure and macrostructure of intermediate filaments swell simultaneously at the initial stage, and while partially destructed by reduction, they are considerably restored through oxidation.
February 2022 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” This review discusses the history and composition of permanent hair waving products for different hair types and reports no new research findings.
October 2024 in “Skin Research and Technology” In this study, extracorporeal shock wave treatment for female pattern hair loss resulted in significant increases in hair count and thickness in 20 women, with 85% of participants perceiving improvements in hair volume.
January 2013 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study found that microfibrils play a crucial role in shaping permanent waves by thioglycolic acid, and treating damaged hair with hydrolyzed keratin improved both waving efficiency and hair damage.
45 citations
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December 2006 in “Biopolymers” This study found that permanent waving treatment induces structural changes in the cortex proteins of white human hair, significantly reducing its tensile strength without altering the S-S band intensity.
January 2012 in “한국미용학회지” In this study, applying hair conditioner during the middle of a permanent wave operation resulted in better tensile strength, hydration, and cuticle health compared to other application times.
1 citations
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April 2021 in “Han'gug miyong haghoeji/Journal of the Korean society of cosmetology” In this study, researchers found that using 0.75% aspartic acid as an intermediate agent for a permanent wave improved wave formation and retention compared to a control in virgin hair, also reducing cuticle damage and maintaining tensile strength.
May 2009 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” In this study, permanent waving treatments, especially those using lotion B and repeated procedures, were found to significantly damage hair protein content and physical properties.
June 2026 in “arXiv (Cornell University)” This study investigated the dynamic mechanical properties of fluid-immersed elastic hair beds under oscillatory shear flows, revealing a nonlinear response influenced by driving frequency and amplitude, which impacts mechanosensory signaling stability in biological processes like vasodilation and ciliary remodeling.
1 citations
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January 2013 in “PubMed” In this study, treating hair with thioglycolic acid was found to alter disulfide bond patterns in keratin-associated proteins, shifting them from an ellipsoidal to a near-spherical shape.
70 citations
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June 1998 in “Polymer” This study found that permanent waving treatment partially disrupts the α-helical structure in human hair microfibrils, primarily during the initial reduction phase, rather than just affecting disulphide bonds.
This study found that applying hair conditioner during a permanent wave process in the middle rather than early or late improves tensile strength, hydration, and maintains healthier hair cuticle structure.
This study found that adding Rosehip extract to permanent waving products with cysteine improved waving efficiency and reduced hair damage compared to thioglycolate-based products.
3 citations
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August 2008 in “PubMed” This study found that digital perm treatments using sodium thioglycolate lotion led to the most significant reduction in protein content and greater hair damage compared to other methods and lotions.
20 citations
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July 1988 in “Clinics in dermatology” This article reviews the current practices and interpretations of research data on permanent waving and hair straightening, but does not present any new research findings.
1 citations
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March 2025 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” In this study, BECD-treated wavy hair showed reduced undulation and improved straightening after drying, as BECD enhanced the contraction and rearrangement of molecular chains in non-keratin proteins, unlike untreated hair, which retained its wavy structure.
September 2014 in “Daehan miyong hakoeji” Adding 2% glycerin or hyaluronic acid to permanent wave treatments reduces hair damage, with hyaluronic acid being more effective.
December 2025 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” This study found that massaging hair treatments into hair improved the treatment's effectiveness by reducing hair waviness and enhancing shape cohesion.
March 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” In this study, a flexible adhesive self-powered wound dressing promoted skin regeneration and reduced inflammation in vivo using sound wave driving, without requiring skin bending or external devices.
127 citations
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December 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This review examines regenerative hair waves and complex hair cycle domains in transgenic mice, highlighting how these dynamic processes contribute to skin regeneration and the physiological regulation of organs, but reports no new experimental results.
4 citations
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January 2007 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study found that permanent wave treatment accelerates hair degradation after protease exposure, showing significant morphological differences compared to untreated hair and linked to damage from Alpha-helical region denaturation.
August 2011 in “BIO-PROTOCOL” This protocol paper details methods for live imaging and analysis of dividing germline stem cells in C. elegans and reports no new research findings.
18 citations
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January 2008 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study observed that repeated perm treatments decrease disulfide bonds in hair due to their conversion largely into cysteic acid, affecting the waving efficiency depending on the reduction agent used.