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This study found that the FSHR Ser680Asn (rs6166) gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of PCOS in the examined population and could serve as a molecular biomarker for identifying risk.

This study suggested that moxibustion treatment before or at the early stage of diminished ovarian reserve in rats may improve ovarian function by modulating androgen balance, though its effects differ across intervention timings.

This review discusses the current understanding of polycystic ovary syndrome, focusing on its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and future research directions, but reports no new clinical results.

This article discusses the rationale, design, and significant findings of the long-running Rotterdam Study but reports no new clinical results.

This study identified three novel genetic loci associated with PCOS and found similar genetic architecture across different diagnostic criteria, with evidence suggesting genetic links between PCOS and various metabolic and psychological traits.

This study identified Lgr5 and Lgr6 as receptors expressed by small populations of stem cells in various adult organs, with Lgr5+ve cells forming long-lived organoids in certain mouse models.

This review discusses the various phenotypes and diagnostic challenges of polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting its complex pathophysiology and associated health risks, and reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the interplay of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity, and their role in polycystic ovary syndrome, but presents no new clinical results.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

This review discusses the multifactorial origins and pathophysiology of PCOS and highlights the effectiveness of lifestyle modifications as a first-line intervention, reporting no new research results.

This review discusses the physiological roles of ovarian androgens in follicle development and atresia, emphasizing their contributions to polycystic ovary syndrome and normal follicle maturation but provides no new clinical results.

This study utilized a sequence-structure alignment approach to improve the characterization of Class A Rhodopsin GPCR superfamily, including orphan and unclassified receptors, through evolutionary analysis.

This review discusses 46,XY disorders of sex development caused by defects in androgen production and highlights the need for long-term care from experienced multidisciplinary teams, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study suggests that variations in PCOS phenotypes observed across different ethnic groups may be due to a genetic gradient resulting from historical human migrations and genetic drift.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

This review summarizes the influence of gene polymorphisms on genetic predisposition to polycystic ovary syndrome, but reports no new experimental or clinical results.

This study suggests that early onset androgenetic alopecia in men may indicate a male PCOS equivalent, possibly leading to higher risks of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders later in life.

This review examines how genetic variants associated with polycystic ovary syndrome affect reproductive success differently in men and women, supporting the theory that intralocus sexual conflict may explain its persistence.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

This review discusses the diagnostic challenges of PCOS in adolescents, noting that the persistence of hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea is required for diagnosis, while genetic studies suggest involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.

This study found that the L457(3.43)R mutation in the human luteinizing hormone receptor increases phosphodiesterase activity, reducing hormonal response despite elevated basal cAMP levels.

This paper discusses the link between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and health issues like infertility and cardiovascular diseases, caused by both genetic and environmental factors, but reports no new clinical findings.

In this study using data from young women in West Bengal, India, the researchers identified that leptin signaling impairment, insulin resistance, and specific gene mutations significantly contribute to PCOS, with obesity commonly manifesting in affected individuals.

In this study, certain genetic variations in the ESR1 and ESR2 genes were strongly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and related metabolic issues in Tunisian women.

In this study, researchers found that the novel gene circCFAP20DC enhances the proliferation of goat follicular granulosa cells by activating the RB pathway, facilitating their progression from the G1 to S phase during follicular development.

This book discusses various unanswered questions about headaches, including genetic factors, smartphone effects, and botulinum toxin's potential benefits for chronic migraines, but reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses diagnostic criteria, phenotypes, and therapies for polycystic ovarian syndrome, emphasizing an individualized treatment approach based on the multifactorial nature of the disease; it reports no clinical results.

This review highlights the role of disrupted glycolysis in exacerbating reproductive and metabolic abnormalities in PCOS and suggests that agents like metformin and resveratrol may help restore glycolytic balance and improve ovarian function.

This study suggests that finasteride may inhibit the enzyme PNMT, potentially contributing to its sexual and psychological side effects.