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Modulating BMP activity changes the number, size, shape, and type of ectodermal organs.

The conclusion is that Treg-targeted therapies have potential, but more knowledge of Treg biology is needed for effective treatments, including for cancer.

Over one-third of women experience hair loss, with female-pattern hair loss being most common, and treatments include minoxidil and possibly hair transplantation.

Coal tar shampoos, salicylic acid, and topical corticosteroids are effective for scalp psoriasis, with Vitamin D3 analogues also showing benefits; severe cases may require stronger medication with more risks.

Choosing the right patients, using proper techniques, and having thorough knowledge are key to preventing and managing dermal filler complications.

Surgery is the main treatment for liver hydatidosis, but has risks; albendazole is the most effective drug but can have side effects.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Foxp3 is crucial for regulatory T cell function, and targeting these cells may help treat immune disorders.

Janus kinase inhibitors are promising treatments for autoimmune skin diseases like eczema and psoriasis.

Cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 15 are key markers for monitoring the quality and self-renewing potential of engineered skin.

Rhodococcus equi causes severe pneumonia in young foals, and effective vaccines are needed due to foals' weak immune responses.

The document concludes that while significant progress has been made in understanding skin biology and stem cells, more research is needed to fully understand their interactions with their environment.

JAK inhibitors help with skin conditions but need more research on dosing and safety.

Hair grows faster in the morning and is more vulnerable to damage from radiation due to the internal clock in hair follicle cells.

Scientists turned rat thymus cells into stem cells that can help repair skin and hair.

New topical antifungals and delivery systems are improving treatment for fungal skin infections, but patient education and prevention are key.

Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.

Minoxidil is the only FDA-approved topical drug for treating male or female pattern hair loss, and other medications like finasteride and dutasteride can also increase hair growth.

Microneedling is promising for treating various skin issues but needs more research to confirm its effectiveness and safety.

Foals with Rhodococcus equi infection often have other health problems that lower their chances of survival.

Drug advertising has greatly increased, changing consumer behavior and raising concerns about its influence on healthcare and patient protection.

Hirsutism is more linked to high androgen levels than acne or hair loss, and a mix of hormonal tests is best for diagnosis; certain treatments can reduce symptoms.

Lampreys have a functional vitamin D receptor that may help detoxify harmful substances.

A genetic region near the PAX1 gene is linked to a higher risk of scoliosis in females.

Thymus transplantation successfully restored immune function in infants with FOXN1 deficiency.

COVID-19 can cause skin issues like rashes and "COVID toes," and people with skin conditions should adjust their treatments if they get the virus.

Scientists turned mouse stem cells into skin cells that can grow into skin layers and structures.

Thymosin β4 promotes hair growth by activating stem cells in hair follicles.

Different soft tissue fillers can cause various skin reactions; biodegradable fillers are safer and non-biodegradable ones like silicone can lead to long-term problems.

The definition of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome may change with new research, and careful screening is key for managing the condition.