855 citations,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
17 citations,
June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.
46 citations,
January 2008 in “Climacteric” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but may cause side effects and is not FDA-approved for this use.
10 citations,
May 2009 in “Sexual and Relationship Therapy” The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.
29 citations,
December 2012 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” With careful management, people with congenital adrenal hyperplasia can have successful pregnancies and become parents.
80 citations,
January 1988 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Spironolactone can cause side effects like irregular bleeding, but lower doses may reduce these effects and still improve hirsutism.
1 citations,
November 2011 in “Open access journal of contraception” Birth control pills with low-dose estrogen and antiandrogenic progestins can effectively treat acne.
36 citations,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
8 citations,
January 1987 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Flutamide, an antiandrogen, has minimal impact on female rat endocrine systems and does not significantly change their reproductive cycles.
2 citations,
November 2012 in “InTech eBooks” The document concludes that sex hormones are crucial for mammalian reproduction, health, and behavior, and require more research for therapeutic use.
19 citations,
July 1990 in “Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine” Androgen excess disorders in women were effectively treated with spironolactone, estrogen, and dexamethasone.
3 citations,
July 2018 in “JAAPA” Some birth control pills can cause hair loss, and switching to ones with less androgen should help.
January 2024 in “Biology of sex differences” Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.
18 citations,
February 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Advancements in male reproductive medicine are ongoing, but more research and improved treatments are needed in several areas.
22 citations,
March 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Hormonal antiandrogen therapy for acne is underused and can reduce the need for antibiotics.
15 citations,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Hormone therapy increases the risk of heart-related issues in transgender women and may affect heart health in transgender men.
1 citations,
October 2022 in “Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics” Gender-affirming therapy can cause skin issues like acne and hair loss in transgender adolescents, and more research is needed on its dermatological effects.
Certain drugs can worsen hair loss in people prone to androgenetic alopecia.
13 citations,
August 2020 in “Mayo Clinic proceedings” Women with lichen planopilaris often have thyroid disease, depression, anxiety, and may respond to treatment with slowed disease progression.
1 citations,
October 2018 in “InTech eBooks” Only minoxidil and finasteride are FDA-approved for hair loss, with other treatments available but less effective or with side effects.
7 citations,
January 2019 in “Journal of clinical medicine research” Menopause causes significant changes in the vaginal introitus, but less so in the labia majora, which may lead to symptoms of vaginal atrophy.
11 citations,
September 2021 in “Journal of molecular endocrinology” ERβ has potential in treating prostate cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, but human studies are needed before clinical use.
24 citations,
January 2001 in “Dermatologic clinics” Hormonal therapy is a treatment option for acne, the only medical treatment for hirsutism, and the most promising for androgenetic alopecia.
25 citations,
March 2000 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.
32 citations,
March 2019 in “Climacteric” Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) can harm women's sexual health, and they may benefit from hormone therapy and counseling.
39 citations,
January 2019 in “The World Journal of Men's Health” Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.
23 citations,
August 2005 in “Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy” New treatments for low male hormones improved sexual function and mood but had unclear risks, especially for older men.
37 citations,
February 2013 in “Maturitas” Testosterone therapy is beneficial for women's health and does not cause masculinization or liver damage, and it protects the heart and breasts.
9 citations,
June 2002 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” Testosterone therapy can help women with androgen deficiency by improving energy, sex drive, and bone health with few side effects.
May 2021 in “International journal of developmental research” Estrogens and progesterone are key in regulating melasma pigmentation.