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The conclusion is that metformin is a first-line treatment for PCOS, particularly for restoring ovulation and increasing pregnancy rates, with other treatments depending on specific symptoms.

Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.

Finasteride causes temporary cell death in BPH tissues.

The study developed a method to detect minoxidil and its sulfate form, found that minoxidil sulfate is temperature-sensitive, and identified a way to potentially increase its stability for hair loss treatment.

Pharmacists should interpret lab data and perform physical exams to improve patient care.

High levels of prolactin in the blood can be linked to widespread hair loss.

Hormonal changes and psychological issues can cause sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Behavioral therapy is recommended first, with hormone replacement helping some symptoms but not libido. Testosterone can improve libido, but its effects on overall sexual function are unclear. Emotional and relationship issues should be addressed before using medication, and the benefits and risks of testosterone supplementation should be considered.

Diuretics help the body get rid of excess salt and water by acting on the kidneys in different ways.

The medical student learned to balance medical knowledge with empathy when delivering difficult news to patients.

A girl's hair-pulling condition improved greatly after she started vitamin D treatment.

A new method can almost perfectly distinguish adenomyosis from similar conditions using blood tests.

Cabergoline is more effective and has fewer side effects than bromocriptine for treating women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea.

Higher doses of oestradiol implants improve bone density in postmenopausal women.

Long-term use of oral contraceptives, especially starting before age 20, may increase the risk of early-onset breast cancer.

The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

Cushing's syndrome can cause serious health problems, and early treatment is crucial, but some issues may remain after treatment.

Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin, which help protect and maintain it.

The report recommends personalized treatment for women's sexual dysfunctions and more research on effective therapies.

Some patients taking finasteride or dutasteride may have ongoing sexual problems and depression even after stopping the medication.

The document provides a method to classify human hair growth stages using a model with human scalp on mice, aiming to standardize hair research.

Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.

Opioid painkillers can cause many side effects, including breathing problems and addiction, but are generally considered safe when used properly.

The WNT signaling pathway is important in many diseases and targeting it could offer new treatments.

The document concludes that adenosine receptor agonists have potential for treating various conditions, but only a few are approved due to challenges like side effects and the need for selective activation.

Male hormones affect COVID-19 severity and certain drugs targeting these hormones could help reduce the risk.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and hair loss, but may cause side effects in some patients.

The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.

Human hair follicle organ culture is a useful model for hair research with potential for studying hair biology and testing treatments.