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Glossary Cell Signaling

cells communicate through molecular signals to coordinate functions

Cell signaling, also known as cell communication or signal transduction, is the process by which cells detect and respond to external signals through a series of molecular events. These signals can come from other cells, the environment, or within the cell itself, and they often involve the activation of specific receptors and subsequent pathways that lead to a cellular response, such as growth, division, or apoptosis. This process is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and coordinating complex biological functions.

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research Skin Adipocyte Stem Cell Self-Renewal Is Regulated by a PDGFA/AKT-Signaling Axis

106 citations , October 2016 in “Cell Stem Cell”

This study found that PDGFA is critical for the proliferation and maintenance of adipocyte stem cells in skin but not other white adipose tissues, highlighting unique regulatory mechanisms in different tissue depots.

research Temporal Layering of Signaling Effectors Drives Chromatin Remodeling during Hair Follicle Stem Cell Lineage Progression

85 citations , January 2018 in “Cell stem cell”

This study found that synchronized signals in the microenvironment regulate stem cell lineage choices in hair follicles by influencing chromatin dynamics during regeneration.

research Activin B Promotes BMSC-Mediated Cutaneous Wound Healing by Regulating Cell Migration via the JNK—ERK Signaling Pathway

45 citations , April 2013 in “Cell Transplantation”

In this study, the researchers reported that activin B combined with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhanced wound healing and hair follicle regeneration in rats by promoting cell migration through the ERK and JNK pathways.

research Activin B Stimulates Mouse Vibrissae Growth and Regulates Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progression of Hair Matrix Cells through ERK Signaling

23 citations , February 2019 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This study found that Activin B at 10 ng/mL may promote vibrissae follicle growth in mice by enhancing hair matrix cell proliferation and cell cycle progression via ERK signaling pathways.

Bacillus/Trapa Japonica Fruit Extract Ferment Filtrate Enhances Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation via the Akt/ERK/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway

research Bacillus/Trapa japonica Fruit Extract Ferment Filtrate enhances human hair follicle dermal papilla cell proliferation via the Akt/ERK/GSK-3β signaling pathway

10 citations , May 2019 in “BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine”

This study found that Bacillus/Trapa japonica fruit ferment filtrate extracts enhanced human hair follicle dermal papilla cell proliferation through the Akt/ERK/GSK-3β signaling pathway, suggesting potential benefits for alopecia treatment.

Methanol Extract of Peach Kernel Induces Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation via the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway

research Methanol Extract of Peach Kernel Induces Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation via the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway

January 2024 in “Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

In this laboratory study, researchers found that a methanol extract of peach kernel improved the growth and viability of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells, suggesting its potential efficacy for hair growth and care through cell proliferation and signaling pathways activation.

research The Stem Cell Quiescence and Niche Signaling is Disturbed in the Hair Follicle of the Hairpoor Mouse, an MUHH Model Mouse.

October 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

This study found that in hairpoor mice, disruptions in hair follicle stem cell quiescence and signaling pathways lead to disturbed hair cycles, which may help explain alopecia development in Marie-Unna Hypotrichosis patients.

research 687 BMP signaling in the hair follicle stem cell niche regulates hair growth and skin pigmentation

April 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that Sox2 and BMP signaling may be key regulators of pigmentation and melanocyte migration, as suggested by experiments in mice, human biopsies, and cell co-cultures.

research Cell surface receptor kinase FERONIA linked to nutrient sensor TORC signaling controls root hair growth at low temperature linked to low nitrate in Arabidopsis thaliana

44 citations , January 2023 in “New Phytologist”

This study found that low temperature triggers root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana through a FERONIA-ROP2-TORC signaling pathway, also activated by nitrogen deficiency.

research Androgenic Alopecia: Cross-Talk Between Cell Signal Transduction Pathways

1 citations , May 2017 in “InTech eBooks”

This chapter reviews signaling pathways related to androgenic alopecia in dermal papilla cells of balding human scalps, integrating published information and analysis of molecular interactions, without reporting new clinical results.

research Bone morphogenetic protein signaling regulates the size of hair follicles and modulates the expression of cell cycle-associated genes

92 citations , November 2006 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”

This study found that transgenic mice overexpressing the BMP antagonist noggin showed increased hair follicle size and altered hair type, linked to changes in cell proliferation and gene expression.

research Cell cycle controls long-range calcium signaling in the regenerating epidermis

22 citations , April 2023 in “The Journal of Cell Biology”

In this study, researchers found that coordinated intercellular Ca2+ signaling among basal stem cells in mice is crucial for cell cycle progression and tissue-wide communication during epidermal regeneration.

research Paracrine TGF-β Signaling Counterbalances BMP-Mediated Repression in Hair Follicle Stem Cell Activation

321 citations , January 2012 in “Cell stem cell”

This study identified TGF-β2 as a crucial signal in hair follicle stem cell regeneration, highlighting its role in counteracting BMP signaling to promote tissue regeneration.

research Hairless and Wnt Signaling: Allies in Epithelial Stem Cell Differentiation

74 citations , September 2006 in “Cell Cycle”

This review examines the role of Hairless, a nuclear receptor corepressor, in regulating Wnt signaling during hair cycling and reports no new clinical results.

research Gab1 and Mapk Signaling Are Essential in the Hair Cycle and Hair Follicle Stem Cell Quiescence

36 citations , October 2015 in “Cell reports”

In this study, researchers found that Gab1 is critical in controlling the hair cycle and the self-renewal of hair follicle stem cells in mice.

research Vitamin D receptor cross-talk with p63 signaling promotes epidermal cell fate

1 citations , June 2023 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology”

This study found that deleting the vitamin D receptor from specific stem cells in mouse hair follicles disrupts their ability to regenerate the epidermis after injury, suggesting an essential interaction with the transcription factor p63.

research Sharp cell type boundaries emerge from coordinated morphogen signaling

September 2026 in “Genes & Development”

This study found that Wnt and Hedgehog signaling coordinate to create sharp cell type boundaries during hair follicle development by synchronizing cell cycle exit and differentiation.

research Signaling in the stem cell niche: regulating cell fate, function and plasticity

139 citations , August 2018 in “Development”

This review discusses the dynamic, niche-driven regulation of stem cell states in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, focusing on epithelial stem cells in the mammalian skin, intestine, and lung, without providing new experimental results.

Advances in Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy in Androgenic Alopecia and Hair Loss: Wnt Pathway, Growth Factor, and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Signaling Impact Analysis on Cell Growth and Hair Follicle Development

research Advances in Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy in Androgenic Alopecia and Hair Loss: Wnt Pathway, Growth-Factor, and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Signaling Impact Analysis on Cell Growth and Hair Follicle Development

136 citations , May 2019 in “Cells”

This review discusses the advancements in intraoperative stem cell therapies and highlights their potential to improve hair regrowth, but it reports no new clinical results.

research Hedgehog signaling maintains hair follicle stem cell phenotype in young and aged human skin

62 citations , November 2009 in “Aging Cell”

Hedgehog signaling helps keep hair follicle stem cells the same in both young and old human skin.

research Calcineurin/Nfatc1 signaling links skin stem cell quiescence to hormonal signaling during pregnancy and lactation

40 citations , April 2014 in “Genes & Development”

The researchers reported that in mice, prolactin signaling in the skin epithelium inhibits hair follicle stem cell activation, promoting quiescence during periods of high serum prolactin like pregnancy and lactation.

research Hair follicle stem cell proliferation, Akt and Wnt signaling activation in TPA-induced hair regeneration

30 citations , February 2017 in “Histochemistry and Cell Biology”

This study found that applying TPA to mice accelerated hair follicle regeneration by activating Akt and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathways, involving hair follicle stem cell proliferation.

research Notch signaling is significantly suppressed in basal cell carcinomas and activation induces basal cell carcinoma cell apoptosis

18 citations , February 2017 in “Molecular Medicine Reports”

This study found that the Notch signaling pathway is suppressed in basal cell carcinomas and highly expressed in hair follicles, suggesting it might be a target for treatment strategies.

research The stem cell quiescence and niche signaling is disturbed in the hair follicle of the hairpoor mouse, an MUHH model mouse

2 citations , May 2022 in “Stem cell research & therapy”

This study found that hair follicle stem cells in the hairpoor mouse, a model for Marie-Unna hypotrichosis, lose their quiescent state, leading to a disordered hair cycle and contributing to alopecia.

Exosomes Derived From Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Hair Regrowth in C57BL/6 Mice Through Upregulation of the RAS/ERK Signaling Pathway

research Exosomes derived from Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell promote hair regrowth in C57BL6 mice through upregulation of the RAS/ERK signaling pathway

November 2024 in “Journal of Translational Internal Medicine”

This study found that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes improved hair growth in mice with androgenetic alopecia by promoting hair follicle stem cell stemness through the RAS/ERK pathway, suggesting a potential new treatment strategy for this condition.

research RETRACTED: Tanshinone IIA Pretreatment Renders Free Flaps against Hypoxic Injury through Activating Wnt Signaling and Upregulating Stem Cell-Related Biomarkers

6 citations , October 2014 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Tanshinone IIA helps protect tissue from low oxygen damage by activating certain cell pathways.

research Competitive balance of intrabulge BMP/Wnt signaling reveals a robust gene network ruling stem cell homeostasis and cyclic activation

176 citations , January 2013 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

This study reveals an antagonistic competition between BMP and Wnt signaling within stem cells, influencing their fate towards hair germ characteristics based on the BMP/Wnt activity ratio.

research AP-1 and TGFß cooperativity drives non-canonical Hedgehog signaling in resistant basal cell carcinoma

60 citations , October 2020 in “Nature Communications”

This study found that small molecule AP-1 inhibitors may selectively target SMO inhibitor-resistant basal cell carcinoma cells characterized by specific markers, potentially enhancing combinatorial cancer therapies.

research Testing Chemotherapeutic Agents in the Feather Follicle Identifies a Selective Blockade of Cell Proliferation and a Key Role for Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Chemotherapy-Induced Tissue Damage

30 citations , September 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that certain chemotherapeutic agents, such as cyclophosphamide, disrupt feather formation and induce hair loss in mice by inhibiting cell proliferation through sonic hedgehog gene downregulation.

research β1 Integrin Signaling Maintains Human Epithelial Progenitor Cell Survival In Situ and Controls Proliferation, Apoptosis and Migration of Their Progeny

20 citations , December 2013 in “PLoS ONE”

This study found that β1 integrin-mediated signaling is crucial for the survival, adhesion, and migration of epithelial progenitor cells in human scalp hair follicles, with varying responses observed among cell subpopulations.