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Melatonin may help with nerve pain, a hepatitis C drug is effective but has side effects, a treatment for mouth sores works but can cause blood issues, ear reconstruction with an implant is safe, HIV transmission from mother to child in Taiwan is now 0% with treatment, certain blood problems are more common in people with a tongue condition, a gene and being overweight are linked to hair loss in some women, a new technique could reduce radiation for lung nodule patients, a hepatitis treatment may lower cancer recurrence after a procedure, and adding extra screening improves tuberculosis detection in patients with lung infections.

Topical calcitriol (BPM31543) is safe for preventing hair loss from chemotherapy and shows some effectiveness.

PDE inhibitors, especially PDE4 inhibitors like apremilast, are effective for certain inflammatory skin conditions but have side effects and can be costly.

PLAU and SerpinB2 affect cell death differently in various forms of leprosy and could be targets for new treatments.

Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.

The document concludes that various medications and treatments can have significant, sometimes adverse, effects on health outcomes.

Hair follicles can be used to quickly assess drug effects in cancer treatment.

More men are getting cosmetic surgery, with nose jobs and hair transplants being popular, and choosing a qualified surgeon is important.

Copper treatments increase copper in all tissues, but brindled female mice accumulate much more copper in their kidneys without clinical effects, unlike brindled male mice where brain copper deficiency is clinically significant.

Testosterone therapy increases bone density in older men with low testosterone levels.

5% minoxidil works better for hair growth and density, with minor irritation.

Ruxolitinib effectively regrows hair in most patients with severe hair loss.

Laser device increases hair density, safe for treating hair loss in men and women.

New 5% minoxidil foam effectively promotes hair growth and is safe for use.

Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.

Foals with Rhodococcus equi infection often have other health problems that lower their chances of survival.

Hirsutism is more linked to high androgen levels than acne or hair loss, and a mix of hormonal tests is best for diagnosis; certain treatments can reduce symptoms.

Red light therapy is safe and effectively increases hair growth in women with hair loss.

Testosterone with or without finasteride doesn't improve thinking skills in older men with low testosterone.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of hair disorders is crucial and requires a range of diagnostic methods.

Men's thigh hair grows longer and has a longer growth cycle than women's, but arm hair growth is similar between genders.

Both ruxolitinib and tofacitinib are effective and safe for treating severe alopecia areata, but relapses are common.

Black ethnicity, prior PSA tests, enlarged prostate, and family history increase prostate cancer risk; Asian ethnicity, obesity, smoking, diabetes, and less sexual activity or no children decrease risk.

ADT, especially enzalutamide, may increase the risk of heart rhythm problems and sudden death in men.

Myo-inositol helps improve skin conditions and metabolic profiles in young women with PCOS.

Some drugs can cause hair loss, and stopping these drugs often leads to hair regrowth.

Metformin and rosiglitazone improve blood vessel function in women with PCOS, with metformin also reducing insulin resistance and testosterone levels.

Finasteride and minoxidil mix works better for hair growth than minoxidil alone, with similar safety.

Apremilast was not effective in treating moderate-to-severe alopecia areata.

The Trichoscan system was found to be inaccurate for measuring hair growth, needing better software to be useful.