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A new mutation in the KRT86 gene was found to cause the hair disorder monilethrix in a Han family.

Researchers found new hair and nail genes, how hair reacts to UV, differences in white and pigmented hair growth, nerve changes in alopecia, treatments for baldness and alopecia, a toenail condition linked to a genetic disorder, and that nail fungus is more common in people with psoriasis.

Mice are useful for researching human hair loss and testing treatments, despite some differences between species.

Over 67 genes linked to ichthyosis help improve diagnosis and treatment.

Minoxidil treatment can reduce hair shedding, increase hair volume, and even change hair color in patients with loose anagen hair syndrome.

Changes in the HR gene have influenced hair growth and may lead to hair loss conditions in humans.

Hair changes can indicate systemic diseases or medication effects.

The chapter explains that there are many genetic skin disorders affecting skin cell formation, including both common and rare types.

Sebaceous glands are involved in various skin disorders, some treatable with medications like finasteride and minoxidil.

Cantu syndrome, which causes excessive hair growth and skin issues, is due to a mutation in the ABCC9 gene, and understanding this could help develop new treatments for hair diseases.

S5αR inhibitors might help treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders but need more research.

Mutations in the KRT85 gene cause hair and nail problems.

A baby from an Indian family had a rare genetic disorder causing no scalp or body hair due to a specific gene deletion.

TRPV3 could be a target for treating pain, skin disorders, and hair problems, but more research is needed to create effective drugs.

Skin symptoms can indicate endocrine disorders and have various treatments.

Melanocytes produce melanin; their defects cause vitiligo and hair graying, with treatments available for vitiligo.

Keratosis pilaris is a common skin condition where hair follicles get clogged with keratin, mostly on the arms and thighs.

Mutations in the WNT10A gene can cause skin, hair, teeth, and other disorders, and may also affect other areas like kidney and cancer, with potential for targeted treatments.

A boy with chromosome 13q deletion syndrome developed eye cancer, a woman with breast cancer lost vision due to a rare side-effect of her treatment, a man's vision worsened after using a hair loss drug, and two rare disorders were discussed. Optical Coherence Tomography is useful for diagnosing and monitoring these conditions.

Mutations in the DSG4 gene cause fragile, sparse hair in humans, mice, and rats.

Skin abnormalities can indicate immunodeficiency due to shared origins with the immune system.

Bovines can have rare inherited skin diseases with specific symptoms like hair loss, fragile skin, and abnormal porphyrin buildup.

Skin changes can help diagnose and manage endocrine disorders like thyroid problems, diabetes, and adrenal gland conditions.

Coats' Plus is a genetic disorder with eye abnormalities, brain calcification, poor growth, bone and skin issues, and movement disorders.

The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.

Nearly half of children with primary immunodeficiency disorders showed skin problems, often as the first sign of their condition.

Neurohormones help control skin health and could treat skin disorders.

The document concludes that primary scarring alopecias cause permanent hair loss, have unpredictable outcomes, and lack definitive treatments, requiring personalized care.

Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome, AEC, and EEC are different expressions of the same genetic disorder caused by TP63 gene mutations.

The document concludes that Syndromes of Severe Insulin Resistance are rare disorders with limited treatment options.