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Different scalp and hair disorders are more common in certain ethnic groups, with the most common being androgenetic alopecia, which is treated with medications like minoxidil and finasteride.

PCOS is a genetic disorder affecting women's reproductive health, with treatments focused on symptoms like insulin resistance and fertility.

The chapter explains that there are many genetic skin disorders affecting skin cell formation, including both common and rare types.

Terbinafine is more effective than itraconazole for toenail fungus, especially in older patients, and debridement improves its effectiveness.

Certain gene mutations can weaken the skin barrier and, when combined with environmental factors, lead to eczema and severe itching.

Vitiligo is a skin condition causing white spots, more common in women, often starts before age 20, and can affect mental health.

Rosacea is a skin condition with unclear causes, classified into four subtypes.

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss with no cure and treatments that often don't work well.

The Rotterdam Study updated findings on elderly health, focusing on heart disease, genetics, lifestyle effects, and disease understanding.

The Rotterdam Study found risk factors for elderly diseases, links between lifestyle and genetics with health conditions, and aimed to explore new areas like DNA methylation and sensory input effects on brain function.

The skin has a complex immune system that is essential for protection and healing, requiring more research for better wound treatment.

Different types of fibroblasts play various roles in diseases and healing, and more research on them could improve treatments.

Lichen Planus is a less common condition affecting skin and mucous membranes, with various types and associated risk factors, challenging to diagnose, significantly impacts life quality, and may have a risk of cancerous changes in oral lesions.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand disease causes in the elderly and has found new risk factors and genetic influences on various conditions.

Mutations in the SRD5A3 gene cause a new type of glycosylation disorder by blocking the production of a molecule necessary for protein glycosylation.

The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

Tofacitinib is effective and safe for severe hair loss, but full regrowth is less likely after 10 years of hair loss.

Tofacitinib is safe and effective for severe alopecia areata, but hair loss may return 2 months after stopping treatment.

Most women with excess hair growth have an underlying hormonal issue, often treated with medication and hair removal methods.

Demodicosis is common and often missed, needing more recognition and treatment in skin care.

Some skin medications are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but others can harm the baby and should be avoided.

Stress-related substance P may lead to hair loss and negatively affect hair growth.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

DrugNet effectively identifies new uses for existing drugs and may save resources in drug development.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

EGFR inhibitors often cause skin problems and other side effects, but these are usually reversible and can be managed to keep patients comfortable.