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Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

Childhood obesity is rising globally due to various factors, and early prevention and healthy lifestyle changes are crucial.

The document concludes that the understanding of scar formation is incomplete and current prevention and treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids are not fully effective.

Stem cells are crucial for skin repair and new treatments for chronic wounds.

MK-0773 safely increased muscle mass but did not improve muscle strength or function in elderly women with sarcopenia.

Use minoxidil for hair loss; finasteride and dutasteride for men, dutasteride for women.

Some medicinal plants can help heal wounds and may lead to new treatments.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

Surgeons must understand the full care process for gender confirmation surgery to help transgender individuals effectively.

Isotretinoin effectively treats severe acne and similar conditions, but has common, mostly reversible side effects, requiring careful patient monitoring.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Cyproterone acetate-estrogen most effective for hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient needs.

Lignans and neolignans from plants may help protect against various health issues, including cancer and heart disease.

Skin's Regulatory T cells are crucial for maintaining skin health and could be targeted to treat immune-related skin diseases and cancer.

UV radiation can help sterilize wounds and promote healing but requires careful use to avoid damaging cells.

A very low-calorie ketogenic diet is effective for quick weight loss and improving health in obese patients, with careful management of side effects and maintenance.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment are important for skin problems in women with PCOS.

New antifungal treatments for a children's scalp infection are effective and safe, but it's not decided if they will become the preferred option over the old treatment.

Mice studies show that Protein Phosphatase 2A is crucial for cell growth, development, and disease prevention.

The document concludes that rapid identification, isolation, and strict infection control are crucial to manage SARS outbreaks.

Certain types of T cells are essential for healthy skin and play a role in skin diseases, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

Methotrexate is a key, cost-effective drug for skin conditions, but requires careful monitoring for side effects.

The HR protein's role as a repressor is essential for controlling hair growth.

Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.

Electrospun nanofibers show promise for enhancing blood vessel growth in tissue engineering but need further research to improve their effectiveness.

Maintaining DNA health in stem cells is key to preventing aging and tissue breakdown.

Both ruxolitinib and tofacitinib are effective and safe for treating severe alopecia areata, but relapses are common.

Isotretinoin's effects and side effects, like birth defects and depression, might be due to it causing cell death in various cells.

Hidradenitis suppurativa treatment should be tailored to the individual, with quitting smoking being important.

Doctors need to be better prepared to assess and treat obesity in patients.