September 2020 in “Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing” A 10-year-old boy with abnormal genital development had surgery and tests to find the cause and plan treatment.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.
May 2021 in “Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine” A 13-year-old with 46 XY DSD had ambiguous genitalia due to incomplete masculinization.
July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.
70 citations,
April 2014 in “Annales d'endocrinologie” New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.
1 citations,
August 2019 in “Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology” A new genetic change causing early stop in the androgen receptor gene was found in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome.
35 citations,
May 2022 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.
5 citations,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.
October 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.
157 citations,
May 2021 in “Endocrine Reviews” Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.
8 citations,
December 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.
1 citations,
September 2019 in “Steroids” Two new mutations in the AR gene linked to severe androgen insensitivity were found.
1 citations,
May 2018 in “Clinical chemistry” The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
54 citations,
April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
November 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks” Genetic mutations can affect female sexual development, requiring personalized medical care.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.
2295 citations,
August 2012 in “The international journal of transgenderism/International journal of transgenderism” The guidelines recommend informed consent for gender-affirming treatments and stress the importance of personalized, culturally sensitive care for transgender individuals.
39 citations,
April 2018 in “Hormones” No consistent link between genotype and phenotype in 5-α-Reductase type 2 deficiency.
9 citations,
October 2017 in “Translational pediatrics” Pediatric endocrinologists should provide early fertility counseling and preservation options to young patients at risk of infertility.
13 citations,
January 2019 in “Endocrine journal” Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” Air Vice-Marshal Sir Ralph Jackson significantly advanced dialysis technology in the UK.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” Addressing underrepresentation in Parkinson's research is crucial for better treatments and understanding.
46 citations,
September 2011 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Natural 5α-reduced glucocorticoids might be anti-inflammatory with fewer side effects than current options.
1 citations,
May 2023 in “European Journal of Human Genetics” Rare ULBP3 gene changes may raise the risk of Alopecia areata, a certain FAS gene deletion could cause a dysfunctional protein in an immune disorder, and having one copy of a specific genetic deletion is okay, but two copies cause sickle cell disease.
50 citations,
February 2013 in “Annals of Clinical Biochemistry” Understanding how DHT works is important for diagnosing and treating hormone-related disorders.
2 citations,
August 2020 in “JCRPE” A girl with Denys-Drash syndrome was misdiagnosed due to biotin affecting her hormone test results.
855 citations,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
1 citations,
February 2022 in “Online journal of biological sciences” The document does not determine if adults with aphallia are fertile.
7 citations,
January 2003 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone is crucial for development, growth, and various body functions in mammals.