32 citations
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February 2017 in “Human Reproduction” This study found that women with PCOS were more likely to have longer anogenital distances, indicating possible intrauterine origins linked to prenatal androgen exposure.
3 citations
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March 2024 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” This study observed that both prenatal androgen exposure and postnatal early-life environment influence the development of PCOS-like phenotypes and changes in the gut microbiota in prenatally androgenized offspring.
1 citations
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December 2025 in “Selçuk tıp dergisi/Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi dergisi” In this cross-sectional study, researchers observed that patients with hidradenitis suppurativa, particularly women, had lower 2D:4D finger length ratios compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential link to prenatal androgen exposure and disease severity, though further prospective research is needed to confirm this hormonal impact.
26 citations
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November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” This study reported that prenatal exposure to dihydrotestosterone altered long-term androgen metabolism in juvenile male rats, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms for 5a-reductase in hypothalamic versus pituitary tissues.
63 citations
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April 2017 in “Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica” This study observed that higher prenatal androgen loads were associated with more severe alcohol dependence in male patients and linked to behaviors of pregnant women that may influence their children’s androgen exposure.