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    Glossary Prenatal Androgen Exposure

    exposure of developing fetus to male sex hormones

    Prenatal Androgen Exposure refers to the exposure of a developing fetus to androgens, which are male sex hormones like testosterone, during pregnancy. This exposure can influence the development of physical traits and behaviors, potentially affecting characteristics such as hair growth patterns, brain development, and even the risk of certain conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or androgenic alopecia later in life.

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    Research 30 of 810

    1. Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with anogenital distance, a marker of prenatal androgen exposure Human Reproduction · 2017 · 32 citations
    2. Effects of the prenatal and postnatal nurturing environment on the phenotype and gut microbiota of mice with polycystic ovary syndrome induced by prenatal androgen exposure: a cross-fostering study Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · 2024 · 3 citations
    3. Is Prenatal Sex Hormone Balance a Risk Factor for the Development of Hidradenitis Suppurativa 2025 · 1 citations
    4. Altered brain and pituitary androgen metabolism by prenatal, perinatal or pre- and postnatal finasteride, flutamide or dihydrotestosterone treatment in juvenile male rats Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry · 1993 · 26 citations
    5. Prenatal and adult androgen activities in alcohol dependence Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2017 · 63 citations
    6. Effects of in Utero Exposure to Finasteride on Androgen-Dependent Reproductive Development in the Male Rat Toxicological Sciences · 2003 · 118 citations
    7. Digit-length ratios (2D:4D) as a phenotypic indicator of in utero androgen exposure is not prognostic for androgenic alopecia: a descriptive-analytic study of 1200 Iranian men Dermatology Reports · 2016 · 3 citations
    8. Early breast development in girls after prenatal exposure to non‐persistent pesticides International Journal of Andrology · 2012 · 54 citations
    9. Presence of polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with longer anogenital distance in adult Mediterranean women Human Reproduction · 2017 · 42 citations
    10. PCOS: update and diagnostic approach Clinical Biochemistry · 2018 · 16 citations
    11. Second-to-fourth digit ratio and seborrheic dermatitis in males: a cross-sectional study* Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia · 2019 · 5 citations
    12. Digit ratio 2D:4D is a possible indicator for androgenetic alopecia in males Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2017 · 4 citations
    13. Hormonal Profile and Anthropometric Indices As Determinants of Metabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study Cureus · 2026
    14. 5 Dihydrotestosterone metabolism Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism · 1986 · 22 citations
    15. Fetal Programming of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Androgen Excess: Evidence from Experimental, Clinical, and Genetic Association Studies The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · 2006 · 253 citations
    16. Emerging concepts about prenatal genesis, aberrant metabolism and treatment paradigms in polycystic ovary syndrome Endocrine · 2012 · 25 citations
    17. Maternal androgen excess induces cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular dysfunction in female mice offspring Cardiovascular Research · 2019 · 21 citations
    18. Are 2D:4D finger-length ratios an indicator of androgenetic alopecia in males? Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia · 2016 · 8 citations
    19. Maternal androgen excess significantly impairs sexual behavior in male and female mouse offspring: Perspective for a biological origin of sexual dysfunction in PCOS Frontiers in Endocrinology · 2023
    20. No Evidence that 2D:4D is Related to the Number of CAG Repeats in the Androgen Receptor Gene Frontiers in Endocrinology · 2013 · 40 citations
    21. Pesticides Exposure and Risk of Hypospadias InTech eBooks · 2011
    22. Specific morphogenetic events in mouse external genitalia sex differentiation are responsive/dependent upon androgens and/or estrogens Differentiation · 2012 · 51 citations
    23. Maternal androgen excess inhibits fetal cardiomyocytes proliferation through RB-mediated cell cycle arrest and induces cardiac hypertrophy in adulthood Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · 2023 · 2 citations
    24. El finasteride como control positivo en estudios de reproducción 2012
    25. A review of hyperandrogenism state in polycystic ovarian syndrome International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology · 2023
    26. Animal Models and the Developmental Origins of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Increasing Evidence for the Role of Androgens in Programming Reproductive and Metabolic Dysfunction Endocrinology · 2012 · 44 citations
    27. Genetic Variants Associated with Hyperandrogenemia in PCOS Pathophysiology Genetics research international · 2018 · 29 citations
    28. A “first” on the horizon: the expansion of uterus transplantation to transgender women Fertility and sterility · 2023 · 5 citations
    29. Effects of <i>In Utero</i> Exposure to D-004, a Lipid Extract from <i>Roystonea regia</i> Fruits, in the Male Rat: A Comparison with Finasteride Journal of Medicinal Food · 2011 · 8 citations
    30. Menstrual Irregularities in Adolescent Girls and Correlation with the Extent of Exposure to Plastics: A Case-Control Study International journal of current research and review · 2020