18 citations
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March 2004 in “The Journal of Urology” Hypospadiac rats showed abnormal genital development, useful for studying human hypospadias.
13 citations
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January 2019 in “Endocrine journal” Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
Hormones, especially testosterone and DHT, are key for penis development and function, and testosterone therapy may help with erectile dysfunction in those with low levels.
5 citations
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December 2021 in “Pediatric investigation” Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.
4 citations
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December 2014 in “PubMed” Pre-operative hormone treatment for hypospadias surgery might improve outcomes, but more research is needed to confirm.