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The document discussed the role of the cutaneous microbiome in atopic dermatitis (AD), noting that decreased microbiome diversity in AD patients correlated with disease severity and increased colonization by pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus. Early clinical studies suggested that applying commensal organisms topically could reduce AD severity. It emphasized that understanding the microbiome's role in skin disorders could lead to new therapeutic strategies. Recent studies indicated that early colonization by commensal bacteria, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, in neonatal mice promoted regulatory T cells (Treg) development, reducing inflammation. These findings suggested that early-life microbial interactions are crucial for a healthy immune response, potentially informing preventative and therapeutic strategies for AD.

This study investigated the differences in the scalp and gut microbiome between individuals with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and healthy controls in a Korean cohort of 141 participants. The results showed that the scalp microbiome of individuals with AGA had higher alpha diversity indices, particularly in women, indicating a more diverse bacterial community. The study also found that the scalp temperature was higher in men with AGA compared to healthy controls. Additionally, significant differences in hydration parameters were observed in both women and men with AGA. However, no significant differences were found in the gut microbiome diversity based on the presence of AGA. The findings suggest that the scalp microbiome, rather than the gut microbiome, may play a more critical role in the pathogenesis of AGA.