October 2021 in “Gender & history” Baldness challenged men's self-image and masculinity in Britain from the late 19th to early 20th centuries, leading to a market for hair loss treatments.
The Body Politic both reinforced and challenged traditional masculinity in gay culture.
March 2017 in “De Gruyter eBooks” The Leechbook shows how hair and sexual health were key to medieval masculinity and some remedies may still be useful.
November 2017 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Men are increasingly interested in cosmetic treatments that enhance masculinity and address aging without downtime, with tailored approaches for different ethnicities and a focus on hair restoration and body contouring.
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October 2017 in “Global Media and Communication” The conclusion is that top men's magazines in India promote Western ideals of masculinity, favoring fair-skinned, youthful, and Western Caucasian men.