April 2024 in “Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education” In this study, secretomes from hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells were found to increase PDGF and reduce IL-1β gene expression in rats, potentially offering an effective topical treatment for alopecia caused by long-term fluconazole use.
April 2024 in “Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education” In this study, researchers observed that a topical gel containing 20% hypoxia mesenchymal stem cell secretome significantly reduced IL-15 and IFN-γ mRNA expression and baldness by 60% in male Wistar rats with fluconazole-related alopecia.
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July 1996 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” This article discusses a report on reversible alopecia associated with fluconazole therapy and mentions other possible causes of hair loss but presents no new findings.
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November 2018 in “Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy (Print)” This study found that fluconazole was associated with telogen effluvium in both a rat model and human patients, although retinoic acid levels were not identified as a causal factor.
April 2026 in “Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education” This study found that in a fluconazole-induced alopecia-like rat model, a 14-day treatment with hypoxia-induced mesenchymal stem cell exosomes significantly increased TGF-β and PDGF levels, which may improve hair growth and suggests a potential therapeutic strategy for alopecia and other inflammation-related skin disorders.