March 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study observed that dandruff-affected scalp skin has increased T-cell infiltration in the epidermis and a reduction in the hair follicle's physiological immune privilege, particularly in the suprabulbar outer root sheath area, indicating a distinct immune microenvironment compared to healthy scalp.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study observed that dandruff is linked to a weakened immunoprivilege in hair follicles, with reduced Langerhans cells and increased epidermal CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration.
135 citations
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October 1999 in “Journal of Cell Science” This study found that overexpression of PKCα in mouse epidermis increases expression of specific proinflammatory mediators and induces inflammation but does not significantly affect epidermal differentiation, proliferation, or tumor promotion with TPA.
56 citations
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March 2015 in “Cell death and differentiation” This study found that H-Ras activation in aged mouse skin leads to increased dysplasia and progression to in situ squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting an age-linked connection between immune changes, senescence, and cancer risk.
33 citations
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June 2009 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” This article discusses the cutaneous side effects of erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer, reporting nonscarring alopecia and indicative scalp biopsy findings.