Plakophilin 1 (PKP1) plays a crucial role in regulating innate immune responses in keratinocytes by sequestering specific dsRNA sensing DExD/H-box RNA helicases, thereby limiting their activation of the MDA5-MAVS signaling axis. This action prevents excessive activation of transcription factors IRF3 and NFκB, reducing the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines like IFN-β1, IL6, and TNFα. Upon dsRNA challenge, PKP1 undergoes proteasomal degradation, releasing the helicases to enable a rapid inflammatory response. PKP1 thus balances epidermal immune homeostasis by providing a barrier against harmful substances and suppressing excessive immune responses, with its loss leading to conditions like ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility syndrome (EDSFS).
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November 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Mutant keratins cause inflammation in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex, suggesting targeting them could help treat the disorder.
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November 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.
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March 2019 in “Immunity” The document concludes that the skin's immune system is complex, involving interactions with hair follicles, nerves, and microbes, and can protect or cause disease, offering targets for new treatments.
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March 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Radiation therapy damages skin structure and immune function, causing inflammation and potential hair loss.