September 2022 in “KnE medicine” In this study, variations in candle nut oil concentration (5%, 6%, 7%) impacted the characteristics and stability of a hair tonic nanoemulsion, influencing factors like droplet size, pH, and viscosity.
June 2024 in “Pharmacon Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia” In this study, researchers evaluated different formulations of a nanoemulsion combining candlenut oil and virgin coconut oil on male rats and found that a 1:3 ratio yielded significant hair growth results, with an average hair length of 17.14 mm and a weight of 699.37 mg.
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March 2023 in “Journal of Public Health in Africa” This study reported that using a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier with a combination of beeswax and oleum cacao improved the characteristics of candlenut oil and enhanced hair growth activity in rats.
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September 2022 in “KnE medicine” This study demonstrated that a nanoemulsion hair tonic containing 7% candlenut oil accelerated hair growth more effectively in Mus musculus than both lower concentrations and a commercial ginseng tonic.
May 2026 in “Riset Informasi Kesehatan” This experimental study evaluated shampoo formulations with varying concentrations of candlenut oil, concluding that the 12% formulation (Formula 2) demonstrated optimal physical characteristics and quality standards, with acceptable pH and viscosity but reduced foam stability at higher oil concentrations.