January 2022 in “Buletin penelitian tanaman rempah dan obat/Bulletin komunikasi penelitian tanaman rempah dan obat” This study observed that a hair tonic containing 3% ethanolic extract of bidara leaves stimulated rabbit hair growth more effectively over 28 days than both distilled water and 2% minoxidil, attributing this effect to the extract's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
June 2022 in “Jurnal Health Sains” This review discusses plant-based alternatives for hair tonic formulations to address hair loss and contains no new clinical results, advocating for plant extracts as safer options than synthetic ingredients.
August 2020 in “Prosiding Farmasi” This review explores the potential of Arabian Bidara leaves as a hair growth enhancer based on its shared chemical compounds with other known hair-fertility-promoting plants, but it reports no new experimental results.
January 2026 in “Lumbung Farmasi Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian” This study found that a topical emulsion containing purified extracts of sidr leaves and roasted candlenut seeds significantly increased hair growth compared to the base and 2% minoxidil, potentially through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
June 2023 in “MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana)” This systematic literature review identified kale leaf hair tonic (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) at 5% concentration as an effective herbal cosmeceutical preparation for enhancing hair growth, showing an average increase in hair length over 21 days, while meeting established pharmaceutical standards.