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Glossary Antigen

substance triggering immune response by being recognized as foreign

An antigen is a substance that the immune system recognizes as foreign or harmful, prompting an immune response. This can include parts of pathogens like bacteria or viruses, or even non-infectious substances like pollen. In the context of autoimmune diseases, the body mistakenly identifies its own cells as antigens, leading to conditions such as alopecia areata, where the immune system attacks hair follicles.

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research Nanoparticle-Based Targeting of Vaccine Compounds to Skin Antigen-Presenting Cells By Hair Follicles and their Transport in Mice

119 citations , December 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

In this study, transcutaneously applied nanoparticles and viral vectors were shown to penetrate murine hair follicles, internalize in antigen-presenting cells, and induce immune responses, suggesting a promising approach for vaccine delivery.

research Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells and Low Dose of IL-2 in Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

23 citations , January 2016 in “Frontiers in immunology”

This review discusses the potential of combining low-dose IL-2 with islet antigens to enhance antigen-specific Treg function in type 1 diabetes, but reports no new clinical results.

research Antigen presenting cells in the skin of a patient with hair loss and systemic lupus erythematosus.

9 citations , September 2009 in “PubMed”

This case report presents the first evidence of significant antigen presenting cells around hair follicles in a patient with alopecia due to active systemic lupus erythematosus.

T-Cell Induced-Self MHC Class I/Peptide Complexes May Enable De Novo Tolerance Induction to Neo-Antigens Occurring Outside of the Thymus

research T-cell “induced-self” MHC class I/peptide complexes may enable “de novo” tolerance induction to neo-antigens occurring outside of the thymus

8 citations , October 2016 in “Experimental dermatology”

This paper proposes that the induction of HF-specific neo-antigens by peripheral CD8+ T cells may maintain self-tolerance but could also lead to immunopathology in conditions like alopecia areata.

Autoantigen Screening in C3H/HeJ Mouse Model of Alopecia Areata Revealed High Antigenicity of Melanocyte-Associated Antigen Epitopes

research 085 Autoantigen screening in C3H/HeJ mouse model of alopecia areata revealed high antigenicity of melanocyte-associated antigen epitopes

1 citations , April 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that anagen stage protein homogenates and specific epitopes from melanogenesis proteins activated CD8 T cells, suggesting alopecia areata is an anagen-specific disease.

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