Volatile Organic Compounds: A Proinflammatory Activator in Autoimmune Diseases

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), found in everyday products and environmental pollution, can enter the human system through inhalation, absorption, and ingestion. Long-term exposure to VOCs can lead to health issues including damage to the liver, skin, respiratory and nervous systems, and can trigger an inflammatory response. Chronic exposure can affect the immune, hematopoietic, respiratory, and central nervous systems, leading to conditions like immunodeficiency, leukemia, hormonal and electrolyte imbalance, memory loss, asthma, and peripheral neuropathy. VOCs can trigger inflammation in humans, primarily through the induction of oxidative stress, leading to inflammatory-related diseases and autoimmune diseases. Exposure to VOCs can cause scalp irritation and hair loss, known as sensitive scalp syndrome. Continuous exposure to VOCs can lead to genetic mutations that trigger autoimmune reactions, resulting in diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. VOCs can also cause acute symptoms like headaches, dizziness, and irritations, and in some cases, can lead to organ damage. Preventive strategies against VOC exposure include proper ventilation, using air purifiers, and opting for VOC-free products.