Vitex Negundo: A Comprehensive Review of Phytoconstituents, Their Derivatives, and Therapeutic Applications

Vitex negundo, widely used in traditional medicine across several regions, is recognized for its diverse therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The plant contains numerous phytoconstituents like flavonoids, lignans, and terpenes, with compounds such as nirgundoside and vitexin showing enhanced therapeutic effects, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory benefits. Its extracts have demonstrated effectiveness in treating respiratory disorders, infections, and conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome, and show promise in hormone replacement therapy due to estrogenic properties. Despite its potential, further pharmacological studies are necessary to confirm traditional uses and elucidate mechanisms, highlighting Vitex negundo's value in developing innovative treatments.