Upper Face Rejuvenation: Anatomy, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Options

The document discussed the anatomy and pathophysiology of aging in the upper face, which includes the forehead, brow, glabella, and upper lids. It highlighted the impact of gravitational and intrinsic changes, as well as familial factors, on the aesthetics of the upper face. The author emphasized the importance of accurate diagnosis and explored both surgical and non-surgical rejuvenation options. Non-surgical methods included the use of antioxidants like curcumin and non-ablation laser treatments for dermal rejuvenation. The goal was to achieve a natural, healthy appearance without obvious signs of surgery.