Transcriptional Governance of Hair Follicle Stem Cell Quiescence and Niche Maintenance in Long-Term Tissue Regeneration

This study investigates the role of the transcription factor FOXC1 in maintaining the quiescence and niche of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in mice. The research found that FOXC1-deficient HFSCs failed to remain in prolonged quiescence, leading to premature cell cycle re-entry and hair regeneration. These cells also had reduced expression of cell adhesion proteins, resulting in the inability to anchor the bulge niche and older hairs, causing gradual hair loss. As a result, FOXC1-deficient mice exhibited sparse hair coats with age due to decreased HFSC numbers and regenerative capacity. The study concludes that FOXC1 is crucial for coupling HFSC quiescence with adhesion-mediated niche maintenance, ensuring long-term tissue homeostasis.