Evaluation of Potential Toxicity of Calotropis Gigantea Leaf Extract on Danio Rerio: Bioactive Compounds, Oxidative Stress and Histological Toxicity Analysis

This study investigates the toxicity of Calotropis gigantea leaf extracts on Danio rerio over 30 days, revealing significant oxidative stress and histological damage in the fish. The extracts, rich in flavonoids, showed strong antioxidant potential, yet exposed fish exhibited elevated oxidative stress biomarkers and notable tissue alterations, including gill lamellar fusion, brain neuronal degeneration, muscle myofibrillar degeneration, and liver hepatocyte necrosis. These findings highlight the dual nature of C. gigantea as both therapeutic and harmful, emphasizing the need for careful ecotoxicological evaluations and further research into the mechanisms of its toxicity.