Skin Sceneries of Thyroid Disorders and Impact of Thyroid on Different Skin Diseases: A Scoping Review Focused on Pediatric Patients

This scoping review examines the relationship between thyroid disorders and skin diseases in pediatric patients, emphasizing the "thyroid–skin axis." Thyroid dysfunctions, such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, can lead to skin conditions like chronic urticaria, vitiligo, and alopecia areata, which may serve as early indicators of endocrine issues. The review highlights that autoimmune thyroid diseases can influence skin cell function and that children with conditions like vitiligo and alopecia areata often have associated thyroid dysfunctions. In a study of 324 children, a higher prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity was found in atopic children. The review underscores the importance of screening for thyroid dysfunction in children with unexplained skin changes to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment, despite the lack of standardized management guidelines. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of the thyroid-skin relationship and improve management strategies.