Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Histopathological, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Analysis in Second-Degree Burn Model

The study investigated the therapeutic effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on second-degree burns in 90 albino rats. The rats were divided into three groups: a control group, a burn model group, and a group where burned animals were injected with BM-MSCs. The results showed that BM-MSCs led to a decrease in wound contraction rate, a regular arrangement of the epidermal layer, and a decrease in the area percentages of ADAMs10 expression. There was also a significant downregulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and microRNA-21, and a marked upregulation of heat shock protein-90α (HSP-90α) especially in late stages. The study concluded that BM-MSCs exhibited a powerful healing property through regulating the mediators of wound healing and restoring the normal skin structures, reducing the scar formation and the wound size.