Comprehensive Evaluation of Tectona Grandis L.f.: Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of Steroid 5α-Reductase Inhibition and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

The study on Tectona grandis L.f. leaves and its major bioactive constituents, (+)-Eperua-8,13-dien-15-oic acid and (+)-Eperua-7,13-dien-15-oic acid, reveals their potential in managing androgenetic alopecia (AGA) through moderate inhibition of the steroid 5α-reductase enzyme, with binding affinities of −8.01 and −8.81 kcal/mol, respectively. Additionally, these compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. Notably, (+)-Eperua-7,13-dien-15-oic acid shows a stronger binding affinity to endothelial nitric oxide synthase and selective inhibition of IL-6, suggesting these compounds as promising candidates for dual-action treatment targeting both 5α-reductase activity and cytokine-mediated inflammation in AGA management.