Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Vasculopathy/Vasculitis, Susac Syndrome, and Myasthenia Gravis

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was described as an autoimmune disease with diverse and nonspecific symptoms, including fatigue, oral ulcers, arthralgia, photosensitive rashes, and mild hair loss. It often involved major organs like kidneys and lungs and caused severe neurologic symptoms such as headaches and cerebrovascular disease. Psychiatric abnormalities, including cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders, were also common. The presence of anti-native DNA and anti-SM antibodies contributed to a sustained pro-inflammatory state, and vascular injury by pathogenic antibodies was suggested as a possible mechanism for disease development.