The Carcinogenesis Of The Human Scalp: An Immunometabolic-Centered View

This review examines the immunometabolic factors involved in scalp carcinogenesis, emphasizing the protective role of hair and the consequences of hair loss. Hair provides immunological protection against UV-induced mutations through IL-17-biased immunosurveillance. Hair loss diminishes this protection, allowing neoplastic cells to expand, increasing the risk of skin cancer. The aging scalp, particularly in men with androgenetic alopecia, undergoes changes that create a tumor-promoting environment, with decreased Sirt3 levels and increased TGF-beta in the stroma. The document suggests that enhancing IL-17 and using physical protection, like wearing hats, could prevent scalp skin cancers. It also highlights the role of genetic factors, such as IRF4 and p53 mutations, and the potential of novel treatments targeting mitochondrial pathways to promote hair growth and reduce cancer risk.