Impact of Reducing Obesity in PCOS: Methods and Treatment Outcomes

This review examines the impact of obesity on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the effectiveness of various weight loss treatments. Obesity, affecting 30-75% of PCOS patients, worsens symptoms like insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, increasing cardiovascular and metabolic risks. Weight loss, even as little as 5-10%, is crucial for managing PCOS and improving reproductive outcomes. The review highlights lifestyle modifications, such as low glycemic index diets and vitamin D supplementation, as first-line interventions, and discusses newer weight loss medications and bariatric surgery. Personalized treatment approaches are emphasized, considering individual health risks, reproductive goals, and patient preferences. Additionally, interventions like physical activity, cognitive behavioral therapy, and supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics are beneficial for metabolic and hormonal improvements. Combining pharmacotherapy with lifestyle changes appears beneficial, though challenges like insurance coverage and side effects remain.