Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The document from 2007 examines the link between obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a condition prevalent in reproductive-aged women that is often undiagnosed and associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It reports that PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, and frequently obesity, with a study indicating a 28% prevalence of PCOS in overweight and obese Spanish women. The document stresses the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to manage metabolic and cardiovascular risks and the emotional impact of PCOS symptoms. It also discusses the pathogenesis of PCOS, its clinical features, and the exacerbation of symptoms due to obesity. Weight loss is recommended as the primary therapeutic option. Furthermore, the document outlines the metabolic and cardiovascular risks linked to PCOS, especially concerning abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. It also notes that 75% of women with PCOS meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome, with a high rate of impaired glucose tolerance and T2DM at initial evaluation. The role of adipokines in obesity and PCOS is discussed, with findings of altered adiponectin and resistin levels in PCOS patients, although their exact role remains unclear. Treatment should be individualized, with weight loss as the first step for obese patients. The document also reviews the use of metformin and oral contraceptive pills for managing PCOS, highlighting the importance of recognizing and treating PCOS to potentially save lives.