Progress in Research and Prospects for Application of Precision Gene-Editing Technology Based on CRISPR-Cas9 in the Genetic Improvement of Sheep and Goats

The document discusses the use of CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology in the genetic improvement of livestock, specifically sheep and goats. The technology allows for precise modifications in DNA or RNA sequences at the genome level, improving genetic traits. However, it has limitations such as low efficiency in inserting foreign genes and off-target effects. Despite these, it remains the most effective gene-editing technology due to its low cost, simple operation, accurate editing, high efficiency, and ability to target multiple gene sites simultaneously. It has been used to enhance disease resistance, increase meat production, and improve cashmere growth in sheep and goats by increasing hair follicle density and length. The document also highlights ethical concerns related to the use of this technology, including the safety of gene-edited species and their by-products, the impact on biodiversity, and animal welfare. The authors conclude that with further research and development, CRISPR-Cas9 could revolutionize the genetic improvement of sheep and goats.