December 2010 in “Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii” This article reviews molecular and genetic mechanisms in the development of androgenic alopecia and examines the relationship between androgen receptor gene polymorphism and androgen-dependent diseases, but reports no new clinical results.
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March 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that specific genetic markers near the androgen receptor gene are significantly more common in men with male pattern baldness, suggesting a genetic component in its development.
January 2011 in “The Chinese Journal of Dermatovenereology” This study found that shorter GGN repeat lengths (≤23) in the androgen receptor gene are associated with androgenetic alopecia among Chinese males, whereas two specific SNPs studied were not present in this population.
This study found that the rs3185480 polymorphism in the APCDD1 gene was associated with an elevated risk of developing androgenic alopecia and reduced protein levels, potentially due to altered codon usage affecting translation efficiency.
January 2009 in “Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics” This study, conducted among Egyptians, found a borderline significant association between the Stul polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene and androgenetic alopecia in males, with higher androgen receptor expression in balding scalp areas.