Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Complex Interplay of Hormones and Metabolism

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder in women characterized by hormonal imbalances and metabolic issues, with insulin resistance as a central factor. This condition increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, and causes symptoms like hirsutism, acne, and androgenetic alopecia. Diagnosis often uses the Rotterdam criteria, which require at least two of three key features. Effective management involves lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy, including hormonal contraceptives, anti-androgens, and insulin-sensitizing agents, with emerging treatments like inositol supplementation showing potential. Future research should aim to refine diagnostic criteria and develop management strategies tailored to specific phenotypes.