Optimizing Hyaluronic Acid: A Comprehensive Review of Rheological Insights for Clinical Practice

The review discusses the importance of understanding the rheological properties of hyaluronic acid to optimize its use in facial aging treatments. It highlights that different brands of hyaluronic acid vary in purity, manufacturing methods, concentration, cross-linking, and their ability to provide volume and resist degradation. Key rheological features such as viscosity, complex modulus, elastic modulus, tan d, cross-linking, concentration, and swelling factor are crucial for predicting clinical outcomes and ensuring effective use of hyaluronic acid in practice.