Systematically Optimized Coenzyme Q10-Loaded Novel Proniosomal Formulation for Treatment of Photo-Induced Aging in Mice: Characterization, Biocompatibility Studies, Biochemical Estimations, and Anti-Aging Evaluation

The 2015 study developed a novel proniosomal gel formulation containing coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to treat photo-induced aging in mice. The formulation was optimized for entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release, with the optimized formulation (PNC9) showing improved skin permeation and retention of CoQ10 compared to a conventional CoQ10 gel. The proniosomal gel restored antioxidant enzyme levels and total protein levels in UV-treated mice closer to those of the control group, indicating effective protection against oxidative stress. Histopathological studies revealed that the proniosomal gel-treated skin had minimal inflammation and closely resembled normal skin histology. The study concluded that the CoQ10 proniosomal gel formulation provided superior photo-protection and anti-aging effects compared to the conventional gel. The number of mice used in each group for the biochemical estimations was four, suggesting at least 16 mice were used in the study.