The Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Diverse Skin Diseases

This review highlights the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) in treating various skin diseases, including alopecia areata. MSCs can modulate immune responses and promote tissue regeneration, while EVs can transport biological molecules like microRNAs, offering therapeutic benefits. EVs have shown promise in reducing symptoms of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Bone marrow-derived MSCs target immune cells such as T cells and B cells to exert immunomodulatory effects. However, further research and well-designed clinical trials are necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of EV-based therapies in clinical practice, as they hold the potential to revolutionize skin disease treatment.