Mechanism of Action and Promising Clinical Application of Melatonin from a Dermatological Perspective

Melatonin, traditionally known for its role in the pineal gland, was found to have significant dermatological applications due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunoregulatory effects. It could be synthesized in the skin and influenced by circadian rhythms, acting through various receptors to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation. The review highlighted melatonin's potential in treating skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and melanoma, with its efficacy linked to receptor expressions and synthesis indices. It was noted for its ability to protect against UV-induced damage, enhance mitochondrial function, and improve skin barrier function. Topical application was suggested to be more effective than oral administration. However, further research was needed to understand its long-term effects and interactions with circadian rhythms and the microbiome.