BH19 'JAK in the Box?' Long-Term Safety Concerns with Oral Janus Kinase Inhibitors for Alopecia Areata

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors show promise for treating alopecia areata (AA) by promoting hair regrowth, but their long-term safety remains uncertain due to their broad immunomodulatory effects. A review of 15 clinical trials revealed that while short-term safety (24–52 weeks) is generally favorable, with most adverse events being mild to moderate, long-term data are limited. The most common adverse events were upper-respiratory-tract infections, acne, and headache, with serious adverse events, including malignancies and cardiovascular issues, being rare. Only one study extended to 2 years, highlighting the need for further research to assess long-term risks, especially given the chronic nature of AA and potential extended use of JAK inhibitors.